Chinese President Xi Jinping has arrived in Macau as part of a three-day visit to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the former Portuguese colony's return to Chinese sovereignty. The visit, which commenced on December 18, 2024, is marked by grand festivities including traditional lion and dragon dances to welcome Xi and his wife, Peng Liyuan.
At the airport, President Xi highlighted Macau's significance, calling it “the pearl in the motherland’s palm.” Reflecting on the achievements since the 1999 handover, he praised the 'One Country, Two Systems' principle, stating, “Over the past 25 years, the 'One Country, Two Systems' principle with Macao characteristics has achieved world-recognised success.”
This milestone event allows Xi to showcase the progress Macau has made, particularly as it has transformed itself from a sleepy gambling venue to the world’s largest gaming hub, boasting overwhelming visitor numbers primarily from mainland China.
Although Macau has flourished economically, significant portions of its revenues—estimated at around 81%—continue to derive from the gambling industry. Local officials, including the newly elected chief executive Sam Hou Fai, who will take office after the festivities, recognize the need for economic diversification. Hou voiced this during his campaign, admitting, “Macau cannot rely solely on casinos, which account for the vast majority of government revenue.”
Preparations for the anniversary celebration have included enhanced security measures. Authorities imposed restrictions, including drone bans, and adjusted public transport services to facilitate Xi's visit without disruptions. These measures reflect the political climate, especially when contrasted with the significant protests witnessed nearby in Hong Kong just a few years prior.
During his stay, President Xi is expected to participate in various engagements, culminating with the inauguration of the new government on December 20, 2024. This moment is symbolic as Huang is the first leader born on the mainland, not from Macau's business elite. The city's needs are pressing, as local residents consistently voice concerns over living conditions and the overarching impact of tourism on quality of life. One resident, Lau, shared optimism for the future, stating, “Macau's development has stabilized and gives me hope.”
Xi Jinping's visit signifies more than just celebrations; it serves as a pivotal moment for Macau's identity under Chinese governance. It offers Xi, as the central government leader, the opportunity to investigate how Macau can capitalize on its unique geographical and cultural position within China's broader economic strategy, particularly its integration within the Greater Bay Area plan. Macao’s commitment to innovation and exploration of non-gaming industries could ignite fresh growth opportunities.
Despite prospects for advancement, the government has recently cracked down on any form of dissent, reminiscent of intensified control initiated after civil unrest flared up as massive protests erupted across Hong Kong. Observers note the clampdown on political freedoms has reached Macau too, where local media have been muffled and activists are often warned against expressing dissenting opinions.
Local expectations for Xi's visit are mixed. While some residents look forward to the resources and attention from the state, others caution about the need to gauge the situation accurately and press for improvements. Retiree Cheong noted the importance of addressing transportation and housing challenges — “A lot of people live under less than ideal circumstances.”
Security is heightened as Xi's itinerary includes receptions and banquets meant to display local culture and community pride. By meeting with residents and officials, Xi emphasizes the government's focus on improving the well-being of Macao's citizens through targeted discussions and practical proposals.
This trip is Xi's third visit to Macau since he took office as President. Each encounter has helped reinforce the narrative of control and stability under Chinese rule. With the groundwork laid for future economic expansion, residents and policymakers remain hopeful for Macau's continued prosperity.
Xinhua reported Xi saying, “I will take a walk, have a look, engage extensively with friends from all walks of life, and deliberate on Macau’s development plans.” Through this visit, Xi seems to intend to not only partake in celebratory activities but to outline practical steps necessary for fostering Macau’s unique potential.
And so, as the lights of this vibrant city flicker against the skyline, the eyes of the nation remain fixed on what lies ahead for Macau. It strikes as both the jewel and challenge of the greater Chinese framework of governance.
