A decade after the red lionfish invaded the coral reefs of Barbados, researchers have found no significant impact on key reef fish herbivores or local fisher yields, challenging previous concerns about this invasive species threatening marine ecosystems.
The study, conducted by researchers from the University of the West Indies, repeated fish surveys at ten reef sites initially assessed before the lionfish arrived. The invasive species was first recorded on the island late in 2011, prompting immediate concern due to their known predation on herbivores like parrotfishes and surgeonfishes, which are vitally important for coral reef health.
The team documented changes by comparing lionfish biomass and the abundance of native reef fish populations from 2012 to 2022. Their findings revealed only low levels of lionfish across most surveyed reefs. Notably, lionfish density appeared to be greater at increased depths, aligning with patterns observed elsewhere.
Despite fears of significant declines, the study indicated stability among parrotfish and surgeonfish populations. Authors observed occasional lower counts of damselfishes, likely due to predation, but overall, native herbivore populations remained largely unchanged.
Equally encouraging was the stability of local fishers' catches over the decade. Catches from trap fishers and spearfishers did not decline significantly, and lionfish became integrated as nearly 23 percent of the spearfisher catch, establishing itself as an important target species.
The study emphasizes the effective management responses employed by Barbados, including public education and promoting lionfish consumption. Fishing activity targeting lionfish has helped to mitigate the ecological impacts typically predicted for this invasive species, showcasing how proactive management can result in positive outcomes for reef health.
This research not only highlights the resilience of reef fish communities against invasive pressures but also suggests the effectiveness of targeted fishing as a management strategy—essential for informed conservation efforts throughout the Caribbean.