Understanding the interaction between footwear and artificial turf has been at the forefront of sports science research, particularly as athletes face injury risks from rotational traction forces. Recent developments by researchers have unveiled insights through innovative tracking techniques to evaluate these dynamics, offering promising pathways for safer sporting environments.
The core finding of this study is the development of a novel photogrammetry technique aimed at shedding light on the interaction at the boot-surface interface during rotational traction testing on artificial turf surfaces. By utilizing transparent test footwear, researchers were able to effectively record videos, capturing the movements of performance infill particles seeded within the turf.
Employing cutting-edge particle tracking software, the movement of these particles was precisely measured, with results indicating systematic and random biases within established tolerances of ± 0.89 mm to ± 1.07 mm for static and rotating trials, respectively. This new methodology not only significantly advances the measurement techniques utilized within the sports turf domain but also highlights the challenges presented by varying normal loads during testing.
Research trials executed at two normal loads—177 N and 647 N—displayed noteworthy differences in results. Notably, the torque measurements at the higher load were approximately 2.5 times greater than those at the lower load, emphasizing the impact of normal load on rotatory performance and safety metrics. Measurements showed greater vertical displacement of approximately 4.5 mm under the higher load conditions as well.
Tracking mechanisms revealed greater losses of infill particles at lower loads, indicating challenges within the methodology being developed. At 10° of rotation, most particles displayed angular displacements ranging between 5° and 10°, yet by 40° of rotation, particles located directly on the path of each stud achieved displacements of 30° to 40°—a significant divergence observed across conditions.
The innovative methodology introduced involves the use of a bespoke automated rotational traction tester (ARTT), integrating advanced photogrammetry techniques for data capture. Employing high-resolution video at 200 frames per second through durable camera equipment, the setup allowed for comprehensive analysis of performance infill particles reacting under varied loading conditions.
The technology incorporated features like white ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) particles fortracking purposes, which unified the visual clarity required for data integrity against the black SBR turf base. This innovative use of contrasting markers was pivotal for establishing visibility and measurement accuracy.
Significantly, findings suggest the principal mechanism behind traction forces involves bulk shear resistance produced by the performance infill, alongside dynamic friction and resistance from the studs as they engage with the turf. The comprehensive data set showcased through this new testing apparatus provides clarity on the interaction dynamics and trajectories during sporting movements.
The pilot study conducted highlighted various facets contingent on both the design of the footwear and the turf quality. Throughout the eighteen trials at specified normal loads, researchers aptly noted disparities relating to the movement of the EPDM particles—factors pivotal for underlying mechanisms of traction, adding layers of insight for future surface safety standards.
Emerging from this research is the potential for enhanced designs of artificial turf and studded footwear, where insights can lead to innovation around specific traction responses optimized for player safety. Importantly, the developed tracking methodology can be employed to explore various other surface variables, including differences between performance infills, surface degradation, and how stud configurations influence traction.
The integration of insights from this groundbreaking research is well-timed—amidst growing concerns around player safety and injury prevention on artificial surfaces. The rigorous assessment of performance infill movements around the boot-surface interface presents opportunities not only for improving artificial turf design but also for informing future footwear technology.”