A solar eclipse, or Surya Grahan, is one of the most fascinating celestial events, occurring when the Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun, temporarily blocking sunlight. Historically, solar eclipses have stirred curiosity and fear, with various cultures attaching myths and beliefs to them. In 2025, India will witness two solar eclipses, one on March 29 and another on September 21. These astronomical events hold not only scientific interest but also deep cultural and spiritual significance in India.
The first solar eclipse of 2025 will take place on March 29, and it will be a partial solar eclipse. The second, happening on September 21, will be an annular eclipse, creating a stunning "Ring of Fire" effect in the sky. While science views an eclipse as a natural cosmic event, many people in India still observe traditional rituals and customs during these times.
The partial solar eclipse on March 29 will begin at 4:50 AM EDT (2:20 PM IST), reach its peak at 6:47 AM EDT (4:17 PM IST), and conclude around 8:43 AM EDT. However, due to the alignment of the Earth, this celestial phenomenon will not be visible from India. Despite this, astronomy enthusiasts can follow live streams and scientific coverage to witness the event remotely.
In India, solar eclipses are known as Surya Grahan and hold significant astrological and religious importance. Many believe that eclipses disrupt cosmic energies, leading to various rituals and precautions being observed. One common practice is to avoid food and water during the eclipse, as it is believed that negative energies or harmful radiation could affect anything consumed during this period. Some also choose to fast until the eclipse has passed.
Another widespread belief involves chanting sacred mantras, such as the Gayatri Mantra and the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra, which are thought to ward off negative influences and promote spiritual well-being. Taking a holy bath before and after the eclipse is also common, as it is believed to purify the body and soul from any negative effects of the celestial event. Many temples remain closed during the eclipse, and devotees avoid performing religious ceremonies until it is over. Pregnant women are advised to take extra precautions during a solar eclipse, as exposure to the eclipse is thought to potentially harm the unborn child.
While these beliefs have been passed down through generations, modern science clarifies that solar eclipses are completely natural astronomical events with no direct impact on human health. Many individuals continue to follow these age-old traditions, whereas others choose to observe the eclipse purely for its scientific and astronomical significance.
As for safety, viewing a solar eclipse without proper precautions can be extremely dangerous. The Sun’s rays remain powerful even when partially covered by the Moon, and looking directly at it can cause permanent eye damage. Therefore, one must never look directly at the Sun, even during the peak of the eclipse. The harmful ultraviolet and infrared radiation can burn the retina, leading to a condition known as solar retinopathy, which can result in blindness.
To safely observe the eclipse, one should use protective eclipse glasses that meet the international safety standard ISO 12312-2. These specialized glasses block harmful rays while allowing safe viewing. Regular sunglasses, even dark ones, do not provide adequate protection. Similarly, homemade filters like X-ray films, tinted glass, or smoked glass should never be used, as they do not effectively block harmful solar radiation.
For those without access to eclipse glasses, an alternative method is to use a pinhole projector to indirectly view the eclipse. This simple device projects the Sun’s image onto a surface, allowing individuals to observe the event safely. Another safe option is to watch live streams of the eclipse, as organizations like NASA, ISRO, and other space agencies provide real-time broadcasts with expert commentary. Taking these precautions ensures that people can enjoy the beauty of a solar eclipse without risking their eyesight.
On March 29, 2025, the new moon will partially eclipse the rising sun, creating a rare and mesmerizing "solar horns" effect. This extraordinary event will transform the Sun into a fiery crescent, offering a stunning visual treat for early risers. The solar horns, or 'devil’s horns,' occur when the Moon covers the Sun's center while its edges remain visible. Atmospheric distortion near the horizon might stretch or flatten the horns, making this entire effect both surreal and mesmerizing.
The best view of the solar horns will come from areas where the Moon covers 90 percent or more of the Sun, such as Quebec and Nunavut in northeastern Canada. In Iqaluit, the eclipse will begin before sunrise at 5:57 AM local time, with the maximum eclipse occurring at 6:51 AM when about 90% of the Sun's disk will be blocked out by the Moon. Coastal areas, elevated terrains, and locations with a low, unobstructed horizon are ideal for viewing.
In North America and Europe, the partial solar eclipse will be observed between 6:13 AM and 7:17 AM EDT, with Canada experiencing it between 6:56 AM NDT and 8:20 AM EDT. The timing and visibility of this celestial phenomenon will vary by location, making it essential for enthusiasts to plan ahead.
As the world prepares for these two solar eclipses, both science enthusiasts and cultural observers are gearing up for what promises to be a remarkable year in astronomy. Whether one views the eclipse through a scientific lens or through the prism of cultural tradition, the upcoming celestial events offer a unique opportunity to connect with the cosmos and reflect on humanity's place within it.