Finland is enhancing its national defense strategies in the face of growing security concerns due to Russian aggression, particularly following the invasion of Ukraine. Recent developments highlight how the country is mobilizing to bolster its military readiness and promote self-defense training among its citizens.
One of the most notable transformations has occurred at a former sex toy factory located near Kerava, north of Helsinki, which has turned from producing adult toys to functioning as a shooting range. Managed by the Vantaa Reservists Association, this unique facility is now attracting numerous citizens eager to learn firearm skills. Antti Kettunen, the president of the association, noted the shift by saying, "They have something at the back of their head telling them this is the skill I need to learn now." He reflected on the climate of apprehension, claiming, "I think the wind has changed, now blowing from the east" as residents respond to threats posed by Russia.
Since Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the demand for such training has skyrocketed. The Vantaa Reservists Association has doubled its membership within the last two years, amassing over 2,100 members. This trend mirrors Finland as a whole, where the government recently announced plans to open more than 300 new shooting ranges across the country, adding to the existing 670. Jukka Kopra, head of the Finnish Parliament's Defense Committee, emphasized the historical emphasis on national defense: "The interest in national defense is traditionally very high in Finland, and especially now, with the Russian aggression in Ukraine, it has increased even more."
The surge isn't limited to shooting range memberships. The National Defense Training Association has organized more than 120,000 training sessions this year alone—an increase of over 100% since three years ago. This activity reflects the public's heightened urgency for self-defense knowledge, likely stemming from fears about Russia's intentions. Notably, the national reservist association grew by more than two-thirds post-invasion, with current membership surpassing 50,000 individuals. According to Kettunen, who likened learning to shoot to learning how to swim, "When you need to know how to shoot, and you can’t, it’s too late."
The historical backdrop of Finland's relationship with Russia adds layers of complexity to its current defense posture. Following decades of tension, much of Finland's national identity has been shaped by conflicts with its neighbor to the east. This includes gaining independence from the Russian empire in 1917 and the fierce struggle against the Soviet Union during the Winter War of World War II. Such historical experiences feed the collective mentality and determine contemporary responses to perceived threats.
For Finland, preparations extend beyond training and shooting practice. The country possesses approximately 50,000 civil defense shelters, initially built during the Cold War, to accommodate roughly 85% of its 5.5 million residents. Tomi Rask from Helsinki Rescue Services mentioned, “This is the new era of civil defense shelters, adapted to prepare against recent developments in warfare.” Such shelters serve as physical embodiments of Finland’s commitment to civilian safety and preparedness, echoing the necessity for vigilance.
Notably, strategic discussions have solidified Finland's stance on international alliances. Last year, Finland became NATO's 31st member, with Sweden following suit shortly thereafter. These moves highlight the Nordic countries’ collective strategy to fortify their defenses amid increasing Russian hostility. Finnish Defense Minister Antti Hakkanen acknowledged the prospect of future threats, asserting, "Russia, along with its allies, will remain a dangerous actor in Europe even after the war in Ukraine." He emphasized the need for continued focus on national defense, cooperation through NATO, and collaborations with allies like Sweden, Norway, and the United States.
The growing apprehension about Russia's military objectives persists, fuelling Finland's commitment not only to strengthen its military capabilities but also to fortify its societal resilience. Both reservists and firearm enthusiasts actively engage at shooting ranges, and recreational practice has dual-purpose significance: for some it’s merely enjoyment, but for many, it’s driven by concerns stemming from geopolitical dynamics.
To encapsulate, Finland's strategic emphasis on defense training, intensive preparedness efforts, and fostering community engagement signifies not just alarm, but also proactive steps toward self-preservation. Whether through local shooting ranges or extensive civil defense capabilities, the national narrative continues to evolve, signaling readiness for potential adversities posed by historical adversaries.
