Australians are advised to manage their expectations as the highly anticipated blood moon approaches on March 14, 2025, with reports circulating about the potential visibility of not just the moon itself but also the northern lights. Observational astronomer Professor Michael Brown from Monash University has indicated some disappointment, noting the full eclipse will be visible only from the US. "Unfortunately this time around, a total lunar eclipse is visible from the Americas, but by the time we get to see it, we only get to see a partial eclipse," Brown explained to 7NEWS.com.au.
A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth positions itself between the sun and the moon, casting its shadow upon the celestial body. Even when the moon is enveloped by shadow, it does not disappear entirely. Instead, some sunlight filters through the atmosphere, creating the red hue associated with lunar eclipses through the phenomenon of "Rayleigh scattering." Brown elaborated, "When it [the moon] is in the middle of the Earth’s shadow and it’s a total eclipse, the moon is over the Americas. But by the time the Earth spins around for us to see it, the moon is coming out of the shadow, hence only a partial lunar eclipse is visible to Australians this time around.”
Despite the partial eclipse, there is still much to look forward to as it marks the first such event observable from Australia since November 2022 when viewers were entranced by the total lunar eclipse. On the aforementioned date, individuals located on the east coast of Australia have the best chance of witnessing the partial eclipse. It is recommended to catch this unique celestial event soon after moonrise, with Brown stating, "I would try looking right at moonrise because it’s partial and ends quickly."
For viewers based across Australia’s capital cities, the expected moonrise times on March 14 are as follows (local time): Brisbane at 6.04pm, Sydney at 7.13pm, Melbourne at 7.40pm, Canberra 7.22pm, Adelaide 7.35pm, Darwin 7.02pm, and Hobart 7.32pm.
Those living outside Australia are gearing up for what has been touted as one of the most exciting months for celestial observation, as March 2025 also boasts the rare conjunction of the blood moon with the potential viewing of northern lights. The resonance between the moon and auroras can result from heightened solar activity coinciding with the total lunar eclipse. The best chance of seeing both phenomena lies north of the border, particularly benefitting regions known for active auroral displays, like Fairbanks, Alaska, and Yellowknife, Canada.
With the arrival of spring, March has long been heralded as prime time for auroras due to the "equinox effect." This phenomenon sees the Earth’s magnetic field temporarily weakened as it approaches the vernal equinox, enhancing the likelihood of solar wind interacting with the magnetosphere. An additional factor to note is the Russell-McPherron Effect, which suggests geomagnetic activity will increase due to seasonal changes.
Potential auroras appear more exciting this year, especially as scientists have declared the solar maximum arrived back in October 2024. This period marks heightened solar storm activity, making geomagnetic storms more probable and promising for intense auroral displays. By tracking forecasts from NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center, stargazers can anticipate the visibility of northern lights across normally less frequently visited areas.
March 14 isn't just setting the astronomical stage for the blood moon. Many astrologers suggest the total lunar eclipse’s brightness will be dimmed and nearly extinguished for roughly 65 minutes of totality, when the moon will glow red against the backdrop of the stars. Enthusiasts hope to align their viewing of the moon against the backdrop of the Milky Way, which will be more visible due to the temporary dimming of moonlight. "Definitely worth having a look this time, but don’t expect the blood red moon just yet," Brown remarked about the first lunar eclipse of the year.
The lunar eclipse will kick off around 8:57 p.m. MST on March 13, with the moon turning red during totality occurring between 11:26 p.m. until 12:31 a.m. on March 14, meaning just over one hour of peak viewing for those stationed within Arizona. The visibility of the blood moon can be enhanced by scouting locations away from light pollution, as celestial views yield the most brilliance when the atmosphere is clear and devoid of disruption.
Noting the potential for seeing all three phenomena — the blood moon, the Milky Way, and the auroras — some encourages hopeful astronomers to prepare properly for this big night. Scout locations with minimal light pollution, aim for northern horizons, and dress warmly, especially for those heading out North for the northern lights viewing. Importantly, the Kp index should be closely monitored; auroras may become visible farther south if geomagnetic activity levels are high enough on the nights surrounding March 13 and 14.
With these cosmic events taking place, including the upcoming lunar eclipse expected to deliver one of 2025’s foremost astronomical highlights, it beckons onlookers to make the best of the rare celestial conjunctions during such exciting times. Stargazers are reminded to assure clear skies as disappointment awaits those who fail to prepare or find themselves unready. Wishing everyone clear skies and wide eyes, aiming to capture and appreciate this once-in-a-lifetime event.