Residents of the Northern Hemisphere are gearing up for the last full moon of the year, known as the cold moon, which will grace the night sky this weekend, offering more than just its luminous presence. Set to reach its peak illumination at 4:02 AM ET on December 16, 2024, this moon brings with it unique astronomical conditions worth observing.
The cold moon, also celebrated as the long night moon, signals the peak of winter for many, according to historical accounts from Native American tribes. Specifically, the term "cold moon" originates from the Mohawk people, reflecting the harsh weather patterns common during this time of year. Interestingly enough, this full moon will be visible for more than 16 hours, lighting up the sky from Saturday evening until the early hours of Sunday morning.
"For those of us in the northern hemisphere, the Moon will seem to reach higher than you might expect," explained Sara Russell, head of the Planetary Materials Group at London’s Natural History Museum. She pointed out how the sun, moon, and Earth align during this lunar event, resulting in the moon appearing at its most visible point over the horizon. "We are so lucky on Earth to have the Moon... it's almost like our smaller twin," she added.
This year, the spectacle will be enhanced by two unique celestial phenomena: lunar precession and major lunar standstill. The former describes the 18.6-year wobble on the moon's axis, altering its position dramatically on the horizon, particularly during the extreme points of moonrise and moonset. According to Forbes, “the moonrise and moonset won’t occur this far north on the horizon again until 2043.” Observers are encouraged to find clear skies to witness this brief spectacle during its most impactful display.
Observations during this cold moon are significant not only because of their beauty but also due to their historical and cultural contexts. The last full moon of the year carries names steeped in tradition, such as the Oak Moon and the Moon Before Yule, reminiscent of solstice celebrations from various cultures. This cultural richness adds layers of meaning to the cold moon’s appearance.
Russell recommends viewing the cold moon when it has just risen or is about to set, as it appears larger and more colorful close to the horizon. "Wrap up in warm layers if you’re situated in colder weather," she advised, emphasizing the importance of preparation to fully enjoy this astronomical wonder.
Further enhancing the night sky, the famous Geminid meteor shower coincides with the cold moon, delivering trails of shooting stars across the darkness. Expect to see the best displays on December 13-14, though the nearly full moon might obscure some of the fainter meteors. "The weekend will bring the Geminid meteor shower, expected to light up the sky with dozens of shooting stars," the American Meteor Society notes.
December's cold moon not only serves as a visual treat, but it also invites contemplation on celestial phenomena and our own place within the cosmos. Observers can ponder the unanswered questions surrounding our lunar neighbor, from the mysteries of the moon’s far side to the potential for future habitation on lunar bases. These reflections become particularly poignant during the longest nights of the year, as the cold moon heralds the winter solstice—an astronomical event marking the outset of longer days again.
Given its thematic connections to renewal and reflection, the cold moon also inspires introspection. Astrologers suggest this is the perfect time to release old patterns of thought and make space for new beginnings. "It's considered to favor the possibility of releasing old patterns of thought or ideas... the chance to start the new year unburdened," stated one observer, linking the cold moon to broader personal transformations.
With the approach of this full moon, the world is reminded of the enduring wonders of astronomy. Whether through the lens of scientific observation or cultural significance, the cold moon stands as a beacon of light against the long, dark nights of December, inviting all to look up, marvel at the sky, and connect with something greater than ourselves.
