Belgium has taken a significant political turn with the swearing-in of its first right-wing government, led by the nationalist N-VA party. Bart De Wever, who has been the mayor of Antwerp, was appointed Prime Minister, marking an historic change for the nation embossed by complex linguistic and cultural divides.
On February 3, 2025, Belgium's King Philippe presided over the ceremony at the Royal Palace, as De Wever and his 15-member cabinet, representing various linguistic groups, took their oaths. This event follows nearly eight months of intense negotiation to form a coalition government, which reflects the shifting political climate within Belgium.
De Wever has long been associated with calls for increased autonomy for Flanders, yet his ascendance to Prime Minister indicates a shift toward seeking balance among the country’s diverse regions—instead of outright division. "I swear allegiance to the king," he stated, recognition of the monarchy's role amid his historic rise.
The coalition, often referred to as the 'Arizona' government, comprises five parties: the right-wing N-VA, the Christian-Democrat CD&V, the leftist Vooruit, as well as the Francophone liberal MR and centrist Les Engagés. Together, they hold 81 out of 150 seats, solidifying their majority within the House, though various ideological differences among these parties have surfaced.
De Wever’s government has ambitious plans, stating, "We will have a government... and invest in safety," alongside goals to tackle Belgium’s debt, which exceeds 100% of its GDP. The country is grappling with budgetary challenges, including running one of the highest deficit rates within the European Union, projected at about 4.4% of GDP for current fiscal evaluations.
Economic strategies will remain at the forefront of the coalition’s agenda. Proposed cuts to social benefits and pension reforms have already raised concerns among labor unions, highlighting potential tensions within the ruling coalition. Reflecting these sentiments, De Wever once said, "You can not take part in a government and wait until the system can be taken as a whole." His approach emphasizes active participation over passive observation.
While economic measures will dominate discussions, social policies—especially concerning migration—are already generating attention. The coalition has pledged to tighten regulations on migration, asserting, "This can only happen if migration is controlled." Newcomers to Belgium will face strict conditions such as waiting five years before claiming social benefits, raising alarms among human rights advocates and local communities.
The government's reform measures earmark substantial changes not only for economic policy but particularly for immigration protocols. Under the new guidelines, asylum seekers will face more rigorous assessments. New policies include limiting family reunification timelines to one or two years for migrant workers, denying protections and simplifying processes for recognized refugees.
A major concern around these policies stems from public sentiment and the historical fears of placed communities. Walloon constituents, for example, express both cautious optimism and apprehension about the N-VA's intentions for Flanders and overall national unity. The contrasts between regions add layers of complexity to De Wever’s governance model as he juggles coalition expectations with regional realities.
Critics have pointed out issues, particularly with gender representation, as the new cabinet lacks balance with only three women among its ranks. Despite acknowledging the shortcomings, De Wever defended the configuration as the outcome of the intense negotiations, balancing varied interests from across party lines.
Commentators are divided over the government's potential efficacy. Some, like those from Le Soir, question whether the coalition can sustain stability amid the significant ideological differences. Nevertheless, optimistic notes from La Libre Belgique commend the coalition's chance to reform Belgium’s structures for tackling social challenges effectively. “The De Wever government must succeed... it cannot afford to get bogged down,” they added, underlining the urgency within the political framework.
With many changes anticipated under this new leadership, including more stringent migration standards and strict economic policies, the government promises to navigate the fragile balance among its coalition partners. Experts warn, should internal conflicts arise, the administration's survival could be threatened.
Yet, where it stands today, the 'Arizona' coalition emerges as Belgium’s response to economic and social challenges faced within the European Union amid right-leaning political trends across the continent. Bart De Wever’s leadership will undoubtedly set the tone for Belgium's immediate governing future and its relation to EU-wide policies.