Macao celebrated the 25th anniversary of its return from Portugal to China on December 20, 2024, during which Xi Jinping, the President of China, delivered significant remarks emphasizing the success of the ‘One Country, Two Systems’ principle. The event attracted attention not only for its historical significance but also for the political undertones entwined with it.
During the commemorative ceremony, Xi remarked on the precious bond between Macao and mainland China, reiteratively underscoring the necessity of maintaining the governance framework established during the handover. "We must uphold 'One Country, Two Systems' for the long term," he stated, addressing the assembled dignitaries and guests, as reported by Macao Kōgyō. This affirmation attempts to present unity amid concerns of increasing scrutiny toward regions granted special administrative status, namely Macao and Hong Kong.
While celebrating its liberation on this anniversary, Xi also noted the economic developments Macao experienced post-handover. The region, heavily reliant on its tourism and gambling industries, has seen its economic layout significantly shaped by policies from Beijing, with approximately 50% of its GDP attributed to these sectors. Economic ties with mainland China have become indispensable, fostering regional integration with neighboring Guangdong province.
Reflecting on the principle of 'One Country, Two Systems', Xi stressed, "The fundamental premise is 'One Country'." This statement aims to soothe aspirations for independence by reinforcing the central government's authority over the governance of Macao. The balance of maintaining high levels of local autonomy against the backdrop of China's overarching control remains the core challenge for Zhi and the political narrative surrounding Macao continues to evolve.
Notably, Xi highlighted the prioritization of national sovereignty and security. He asserted, "National sovereignty and security are of the utmost priority... the central government's comprehensive governance must not waver at any time," once again pointing to the existing framework wherein local freedoms coexist under the vigilant oversight of the central government. This statement resonates with similar sentiments presented during discussions around Hong Kong, showcasing how both regions are pivotal under the umbrella of 'One Country, Two Systems', yet persistently challenged by calls for greater autonomy.
Macao's economic reliance is underscored by the facts surrounding its industries and the colossal influx of visitors from mainland China, making it especially vulnerable to shifts in Beijing's tourism policies. Increased cooperation with neighboring economic entities suggests Macao is working toward integrated regional growth, yet it must tread carefully to maintain its unique identity as it commemorates this remarkable milestone.
On the 25th anniversary of this historic event, Xi Jinping’s remarks paint a picture of not just celebration but of introspection toward the future. The architecture of 'One Country, Two Systems' remains intact—but alongside it, the intricacies of governance, identity, and economic survival highlight hurdles Macao must navigate moving forward.
