The world’s largest known coral colony has been discovered off the coast of the Solomon Islands, captivating scientists and environmentalists alike. This impressive coral measures approximately 112 feet by 105 feet and is estimated to be between 300 to 500 years old.
The discovery was made possible by the National Geographic Pristine Seas team during their recent expedition. Underwater cinematographer Manu San Félix first spotted the massive coral, which was originally mistaken for either a shipwreck or large boulder from the surface. Upon closer inspection, it was confirmed to be the extraordinary coral species known as Pavona clavus, commonly referred to as shoulder blade coral.
Situated around 42 feet below the ocean’s surface, the coral is not only remarkable for its size but also because it can be seen from space. This characteristic showcases the colossal nature of this organism, making it larger than even the blue whale, which is regarded as the world's largest animal.
According to Enric Sala, the founder of National Geographic Pristine Seas, “Finding this mega coral is like discovering the tallest tree on earth.” This awe-inspiring find rekindles excitement and wonder about our oceans, reminding us of the hidden treasures they hold. He emphasized the importance of this discovery, stating it equals significant scientific breakthroughs like locating the tallest trees.
Interestingly, this single organism is composed of nearly one billion interconnected coral polyps, or small marine animals related to jellyfish and sea anemones. The colony functions as one unit, showcasing the remarkable ability of these tiny creatures to work together for survival.
The vast colony of Pavona clavus boasts colors ranging from earthy browns to vibrant yellows and blues. It is dome-shaped, resembling the classic ice cream scoop, but its sprawling nature sets it apart from typical coral formations. Molly Timmers, the lead scientist of the expedition, highlighted this uniqueness, noting how it supports juvenile reef fish, crabs, and other marine life.
Despite its imposing size and seemingly healthy state, the coral colony is not out of danger. Experts warn of the significant threats posed by climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Coral reefs worldwide are facing increased bleaching events, which occur when corals expel the algae living within their tissues, causing the corals to turn white and increasing their vulnerability to diseases.
Currently, the world is witnessing the largest global coral bleaching event ever recorded, impacting coral populations significantly. During the most extensive bleaching event from 2014 to 2017, over 75% of the world's corals sustained damage. This alarming trend calls for immediate action to protect marine environments, particularly those like the Solomon Islands, which sit at the heart of the Coral Triangle—home to some of the world’s richest marine biodiversity.
The records prior to this discovery identified another massive coral, known as “Big Momma” near American Samoa, which was about 20 feet high and estimated to be over 500 years old. Big Momma now holds the title of the second-largest known coral, which signals hope for marine life conservation efforts.
Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele of the Solomon Islands emphasized the importance of such discoveries, asserting the need for conservation efforts to protect these natural wonders for future generations. “For the people of the Solomon Islands, this mega coral discovery is monumental,” he said. “It reinforces the importance of our ocean, which sustains our communities, traditions, and future.”
With the sighting of this gigantic coral, hopes are high for what this find can inspire about ocean conservation. Scientists are particularly invested in ensuring the longevity of coral structures amid growing threats posed by global warming and human activities. Eric Brown, another scientist from the expedition, expressed optimism by stating, “While the nearby shallow reefs have degraded due to warmer seas, witnessing this large healthy coral oasis is also a beacon of hope.”
Highlighting the resilience of marine ecosystems, expedition scientist Molly Timmers reflected on the coral’s historical survival, linking its longevity to the monumental events it has witnessed throughout human history. It had survived through the impacts of World War II and the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing its role as part of our shared history.
The discovery marks not just another addition to the list of marine wonders but serves as a call to action for conservationists and governments around the globe. Conservation efforts must be prioritized to protect the rich biodiversity of coral reefs and ocean habitats as a whole and to prevent the loss of such incredible ecosystems before it is too late.
