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Health
27 December 2024

Whooping Cough Cases Surge Nationwide To Decade High

CDC reports over 32,000 whooping cough cases this year amid declining vaccination rates

Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is experiencing a significant resurgence across the United States, prompting alarms from health officials nationwide. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported over 32,000 cases as of mid-December—the highest annual total recorded since 2014. This year has seen case numbers growing by six times compared to last year, with health experts raising concerns over falling vaccination rates and waning immunity aiding the spike.

"It's alarming to see these numbers return to levels we haven't seen for nearly a decade," commented Dr. Jason Newland, chief of infectious diseases at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. The CDC reported states significantly impacted include Pennsylvania and New York, with over 2,000 cases each. Many states, including Wisconsin and Ohio, have also noted troubling upticks. Wisconsin, particularly, reported 2,365 cases as of December, compared to just 51 for the entirety of 2023.

Reflecting on the troubling trend, Newland explained, "The respiratory infection presents symptoms similar to the common cold, progressing to severe coughing fits, sometimes described as the '100-day cough.' It is particularly dangerous for infants, who can suffer serious consequences if infected." Health officials are urging vaccinations to fend off the spread, noting most school-aged children and adolescents remain the largest demographics affected by the increase.

The upward trend appears connected to reductions in vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic period; disparities have emerged, particularly within some vulnerable populations. He added, "If we see fewer people getting vaccinated, we’re setting the stage for larger outbreaks." Historically, pertussis vaccination rates have been high among infants—approximately 80% of children under two receive their recommended vaccinations. Unfortunately, among adults, booster shot rates (Tdap) are low, particularly for those aged over 18—around only 43% receiving it during the last ten years.

The symptoms of whooping cough can progress from mild coughing and sneezing to severe respiratory distress. The hallmark of the disease—intense coughing spells, sometimes accompanied by the distinct 'whooping' sound made when gasping for breath—can severely debilitate affected individuals. The disease is particularly concerning during peak seasons, such as fall and winter, when interactions in schools increase the risk of transmission.

The CDC strongly recommends consistent vaccination practices, calling for children to receive DTaP vaccines at two months old, with booster doses at one and ages four to six. Dr. Newland emphasizes, "Vaccination is your best defense. You need to get the Tdap booster every ten years as the vaccine’s effectiveness fades over time." But the CDC has raised alarms about missed vaccinations during the pandemic, which resulted from fewer well-child visits and concerns about the spread of COVID-19.

According to reports, this year’s surge is not simply due to increased reporting or improved testing. It reflects real and significant increases, with testing technologies improving and becoming more widespread, leading to greater detection of infections. Experts warn individuals may unknowingly transmit pertussis, leading to wide-scale outbreaks. Therefore, the CDC is encouraging people to keep vaccinations up to date, particularly before growing holiday gatherings.

One of the grave issues has been the rising numbers of unvaccinated children contracting whooping cough, causing significant risk. More than 94 infants contracted the infection this year, with 12 requiring hospitalization for treatment. While deaths remain rare, they can occur, particularly among the unvaccinated and the very young. 

Another concerning aspect is the highly contagious nature of whooping cough, spread through airborne droplets. Dr. Scott Lindquist of the Washington Department of Health noted, "You can be contagious for at least two weeks after you start coughing. That's why vaccination rates are so important." For individuals exhibiting symptoms, treatment usually includes antibiotics, which can help shorten the duration of the illness.

Even as public health officials sound the alarm over whooping cough’s return, experts continue urging vigilance, emphasizing the success of preventive health measures adopted during the pandemic. Newland, reflecting on the importance of keeping oneself and the community safe, noted, "We can combine hand-washing and good hygiene measures along with vaccinations to safeguard our loved ones from whooping cough and other respiratory illnesses. Just pay attention this winter as we see increases across different respiratory infections."

With the continuing rise of whooping cough cases serving as both warning and reminder of the importance of vaccinations, parents and caregivers must pay attention to loved ones’ vaccination schedules. Health officials suggest checking vaccination status via state health services for compliance with recommendations. The next few months will be telling, and public health efforts are geared toward not only addressing current infections but also preventing future ones.

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