Egg prices across the United States are surging dramatically, driven by the continued spread of avian influenza (bird flu), which has resulted in significant supply shortages and has left consumers and businesses scrambling.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), egg prices are expected to rise by 20 percent this year compared to last, which will add to the already soaring costs for consumers. The price of farm-level eggs can surge even higher, with increases projected up to 45% for those sourced from free-range and pasture-raised chickens.
Reports indicate the average price for a dozen large Grade A eggs reached $4.15 by December 2024, up from $3.65 the month before. This increase is attributed to the dire impact of avian influenza, which has decimated millions of egg-laying hens. Since the onset of this outbreak, over 145 million chickens and other birds have been culled, leading to severe supply constraints.
"We’re going to see a reduction in the amount of eggs available, and we’re going to see a continued rise in cost," said Patrick Strickland, co-owner of the Stalk and Vine farm in Lithia, Florida. He emphasized the importance of sourcing eggs from local farms, as many consumers are now seeking alternatives after being priced out of the grocery store market.
The situation has compelled some grocery stores to impose buying limits, restricting purchases to two or three cartons per household. This has resulted in empty shelves across many locations, exacerbated by increasing consumer demand as prices rise. Some residents have expressed their frustration; Sage Mills, for example, lamented, "It's just robbery. Eggs used to be kind of a staple food for us, but now you know, you might as well just go out to eat."
For restaurants, the soaring egg prices have led to operational adjustments. Robert Fraley, owner of Doug’s Breakfast and Lunch, noted the drastic cost increase; what once cost him $63 for 15 dozen eggs had now climbed to $103. Although he has tried to raise menu prices cautiously, customers might balk at the idea of paying over $20 for omelets.
The changes aren’t limited to individual consumers and restaurants; they reflect broader supply chain issues facing the food industry. Factors such as the limited number of licensed truck drivers to transport eggs have compounded these challenges, pushing prices even higher due to increased shipping costs.
While some consumers have been resorting to egg substitutes, the reality remains stark as families grapple with inflated grocery bills. Creative replacements include using flaxseed, chia seeds, or applesauce for baking needs, showing how the current situation is forcing adaptation.
Overall, there is no forecast of immediate relief as prices and shortages persist. Industry experts warn this trend may continue through 2025, as the avian flu remains a persistent threat to poultry farms. The long-term effects of this can be seen across the food supply as egg prices cascade, influencing everything from breakfast tables to the operations of local eateries.
Despite the other factors at play, including inflation and increased supply chain costs, it’s clear the core issue revolves around the bird flu outbreak. Strickland suggests, "There’s one thing I can say about an egg, you will pay the price if you want to make those morning recipes we all cherish." The USDA has already spent billions compensatory to farmers dealing with the fallout of the flu, yet recovery will take time, and consumers must brace for continued price hikes.