In a comprehensive report released by the Department of Mineral Resources, it has been revealed that Thailand has experienced a staggering 460 earthquakes over the past 200 years, specifically from the year 2342 to 2568 in the Buddhist calendar, which corresponds to 1799 to 2025 in the Gregorian calendar. The report highlights that the most frequent epicenters of these seismic activities were located in Myanmar, accounting for 116 occurrences, followed by Chiang Mai with 68 and Chiang Rai with 49.
Despite the relatively moderate seismic activity within Thailand itself, the country has been significantly affected by earthquakes originating from neighboring regions, particularly from Myanmar and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. One of the most powerful earthquakes recorded in this timeframe occurred on April 11, 2012, in Sumatra, which measured 8.6 on the Richter scale. This earthquake was strong enough to be felt across southern Thailand, as well as in central and northeastern regions.
When examining the ten most severe earthquakes that have impacted Thailand in the last two centuries, it becomes evident that Sumatra is the primary epicenter, with seven of the ten major earthquakes traced back to this region. Additionally, two significant earthquakes originated from Myanmar, and one from China. The report notes that the earthquake epicenter within Thailand itself was ranked 18th in severity, with a recorded magnitude of 7 occurring in 1839.
Among the various fault lines identified in Thailand, there are 16 active fault lines, particularly concentrated in the northern, western, and southern regions of the country. For instance, the Klong Marui fault runs through Surat Thani, Krabi, Phang Nga, and Phuket. This fault line is known for its potential to cause earthquakes, with the last significant event occurring in 2015, registering a magnitude of 4.5.
Another notable fault line is the Jedee Samong fault in Kanchanaburi, which has a history of seismic activity, including a major earthquake that occurred approximately 1,000 years ago, measuring 6.4. The Thoen fault, which traverses Lampang and Phrae, has shown geological characteristics indicative of multiple recent movements, with the last major earthquake occurring about 2,000 years ago, registering a magnitude of 6.6.
In the northern region, the Pu fault, which crosses into Laos, was responsible for a significant earthquake in 1935, measuring 6.5. The Phayao fault, affecting areas in Phayao, Chiang Rai, and Lampang, has also been active, with its most recent earthquake recorded in 2019, measuring 4.9.
As for the Phetchabun and Loei faults, which run in a north-south direction, they have previously experienced seismic events, including a 1990 earthquake measuring 4.0. The Mae Chan fault, located in Chiang Rai, was the source of a 6.3 magnitude earthquake in 2007, which originated in Laos but had significant effects in Thailand.
The Mae Tha fault in Chiang Mai has also shown activity, with a 4.1 magnitude earthquake occurring in 2019. Similarly, the Mae Lao fault in Chiang Rai experienced a notable earthquake in 2014, measuring 4.1. The Mae Hong Son fault, affecting both Mae Hong Son and Tak provinces, has a history of seismic activity, with a significant earthquake in 2013 measuring 5.1.
The Ranong fault, which passes through Ranong, Chumphon, Prachuap Khiri Khan, and Phang Nga, recorded a 5.0 magnitude earthquake in 2006, felt across various localities. The Wiang Haeng fault in Chiang Mai, which has not experienced a significant earthquake in approximately 2,000 years, has a historical magnitude of 6.8.
Additionally, the Uttaradit fault was last active in 1998, with a 3.2 magnitude earthquake felt in several districts. Most earthquakes within Thailand, particularly those ranging from 1 to 3.9 in magnitude, predominantly occur in the northern and upper northeastern regions, including Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Kanchanaburi.
On a different note, the Meteorological Department of Thailand has issued a weather forecast indicating that on April 24, 2025, thunderstorms are expected to affect 35 provinces, particularly in the upper part of the country. This weather phenomenon is characterized by isolated thunderstorms and gusty winds, urging residents in these areas to remain vigilant and monitor the situation closely.
The forecast also predicts that the upper regions of Thailand will experience generally hot weather, with some areas facing extreme heat. Thunderstorms are expected to be accompanied by gusty winds, and the Meteorological Department has advised the public to take precautions against the potential hazards posed by these weather conditions.
As the week progresses, particularly from April 26 to 29, the country is likely to experience a series of thunderstorms, which may include hail and heavy rain, especially in the upper regions. The forecast warns of the possibility of hail in specific areas, including the upper northeastern and upper central regions, which include provinces such as Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, and Buriram.
Temperatures in the upper regions are predicted to range from a minimum of 27 to 29 degrees Celsius, peaking at 35 to 39 degrees Celsius. Wind speeds are expected to vary, with gusts reaching up to 20 km/h in some areas. The Meteorological Department has emphasized the importance of staying informed about weather updates and taking necessary precautions, especially in light of the anticipated severe weather conditions.
In conclusion, both seismic activity and weather patterns in Thailand present significant challenges and risks to the population. The ongoing monitoring and reporting by relevant authorities are crucial in ensuring public safety and preparedness in the face of these natural phenomena.
