Authorities have recently issued significant changes to the Syrian political and economic scene, culminating on March 17, 2025, when the Ministry of Finance announced new regulations for a financial grant on the occasion of Eid al-Fitr, approved by President Ahmed Al-Shar, and the government revealed its controversial new constitution. The reactions to these developments were stark and immediate, leading to widespread discontent and protests, particularly among minority groups within Syria.
The financial directive stipulates the distribution of 1-month salary bonuses for state employees, pensioners, and military personnel prior to 2011, exclusively for those still working within Syrian territories. The Ministry of Finance clarified, “This grant will not apply to those on unpaid leave, reflecting our commitment to those serving the state.” The intent is clear: it is aimed at boosting morale among the workforce as the nation navigates its recovery phase.
Simultaneously, the introduction of the new constitution, announced by the temporary Syrian government, sparked significant backlash. Critics, including human rights lawyers and activists, argue it perpetuates exclusionist practices affecting the country’s diverse demographic makeup. Protests erupted especially across northern and eastern Syria and the southern province of Sweida, with demonstrators demanding inclusion and representation.
Lawyer Anwar Al-Bunni expressed his skepticism of the new constitution, stating, "It has abandoned its role as merely constitutional to become almost prescriptive, emphasizing the president’s powers excessively and dismissing civic engagement. This could lead to the disenfranchisement of large segments of the population.” Many view these steps as reverting back to authoritarian regimes, reminiscent of past governance under the Ba’ath Party.
Dr. Nael George, who teaches constitutional law, also pointed out contradictions within the unfamiliar legal framework. He observed, “While it emphasizes human rights and equality under law, the constitution paradoxically designates Islam as the state religion, fundamentally at odds with international human rights standards.” He criticized the vague provisions of the new constitution which could lead to governmental overreach and reduced civil liberties.
Adding to the complexity of the situation, the National Administration criticized the new founding document, asserting it undermines >Syrian identity. “This is not representative of the diverse reality of Syria. We need policies and frameworks accommodating our ethnic and cultural differences. It is disheartening to see a document being finalized without such inclusivity,” stated representatives from the group.
Compounding these tensions is the content of the Eid al-Fitr grant; many see this financial boost as insufficient compensation for the current hardships faced, especially with impending economic recovery challenges. The emotional weight of financial aid is juxtaposed against dire existential forecasts surrounding the political turmoil.
Protests erupted as communities voiced their frustrations at being undervalued and sidelined. The most vocal opposition came from the Druze and Kurdish populations who feel their voices and rights are systematically marginalized. Activists echoed this sentiment, citing the absence of collaboration with civil society concerning legislative consultations, particularly around the new constitution.
Ali Rahmoun, member of the presidential committee, remarked, “The constitutional text is final, regardless of objections.” His dismissive tone concerning public dissent raises red flags among observers who worry about the sincerity of governmental intentions to engage with various communities moving forward.
The response from the government to protests has been heavy-handed, mirroring previous government tactics. Human rights observers have raised alarms about the potential for state violence against demonstrators voicing their dissent. The situation remains precarious, as officials grapple with managing both the anger of the public and the imperatives of bureaucratic governance under the new constitutional framework.
While Eid al-Fitr is meant to bring joy and reflection, this year it has illuminated the widespread grievances of the Syrian people. Activists are calling for the stepping back of draconian measures and advocating for change—specifically greater inclusivity of all groups involved. The need for national reconciliation and expanded representation became topics of immediate importance.
It becomes evident as protests continue, the realities of governance and public consent weave together, creating challenges the administration cannot afford to ignore. The call for dialogue remains consistent among disparate voices pushing for justice, equality, and recognition of their diverse contributions to Syria's complex societal fabric.
The Eid celebrations may offer temporary relief for state employees, but they also highlight the chasms between governmental proclamations and the lived experiences of many Syrians. The realization of true political rights and social justice appears distant but remains at the forefront of people’s aspirations.
