Switzerland is calling for innovative solutions to tackle the submerged munitions lying deep beneath its picturesque lakes. The federal office for defense procurement, known as Armasuisse, announced this initiative and is offering 50,000 Swiss francs (about $57,800) as prizes for the best ideas.
While these ideas won’t be implemented right away, they could serve as foundations for future research, focusing on environmentally friendly and safe techniques for munitions recovery. Authorities are particularly concerned about pollutants seeping from the munitions, which include toxic TNT.
The military disposed of these munitions, some surplus or faulty, between 1918 and 1964, sinking them to depths of 150 to 220 meters (492 to 722 feet) underwater. Notable lakes affected include Lake Lucerne, Lake Thun, and Lake Brienz.
According to Armasuisse, the competition aims to engage academia and industry to develop viable recovery methods, emphasizing environmental safety. They noted the potential threats these munitions pose, especially concerning pollution and ecological damage.
Previous assessments of recovery methods indicated they could cause dangerous disturbances and mud turbulence, making the lakes' delicate ecosystems even more vulnerable. Challenges also include poor visibility and the risk of underwater explosions from intact fuses.
To date, the Swiss military has kept information on the precise locations of these munitions largely under wraps, complicasting any efficient removal efforts. Advanced technology and hydrographic expertise are expected to play pivotal roles, providing detailed underwater surveys and mapping.
This competition, which allows input from both experts and the public, is open until February 6, 2025, paving the way for innovative proposals. A panel of experts will review the submissions based on set criteria and announce the winners in April 2025.
Given the historical presence of military operations, Switzerland's use of its lakes as dumping grounds dates back to the Cold War era. During this time, the practice was considered safe, though modern assessments have revealed substantial risks connected to munitions disposal.
Estimated figures suggest around 3,300 tonnes of munitions are buried within Lake Lucerne, with about 4,500 tonnes resting beneath Lake Neuchâtel's surface. While some munitions are located just 6 meters below, many sit perilously deep.
The Swiss military believes this initiative could pave the way for safer practices globally, addressing historical environmental concerns and focusing on responsible recovery efforts. Experts recommend reaching out to countries with experience dealing with underwater ordnance for valuable insights.
The dangerous legacy of munitions disposal has already garnered adverse attention due to notable incidents, such as the 1947 Mitholz explosion, which killed nine people. Decades later, Switzerland continues to grapple with the aftermath, exemplifying the necessity for careful planning and execution of this recovery operation.
Recent ecological evaluations suggest the recovery process could be lengthy and costly, possibly amounting to billions. Environmental advocates express hope this competition will yield methods capable of redeeming these beautiful lakes from their explosive past.
Until the recovery is initiated, the submerged munitions remain a hidden hazard beneath Switzerland's pristine waterways. With increased public engagement and innovative ideas, there is hope for the future management of these environmental threats.
The lakes might look serene above the surface, but beneath lies the challenging work of ensuring safety and ecological balance. With the public's participation through this competition, Switzerland’s approach to environmental stewardship is taking innovative and necessary steps.
