At the G20 summit held recently in Brazil, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer made headlines by becoming the first British leader to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping since Theresa May's tenure over six years ago. This encounter is significant as it marks a potential shift toward warmer relations between the UK and China, previously overshadowed by tensions surrounding Hong Kong's democracy, human rights issues, and allegations of cyber threats targeting UK entities.
Since taking office, Starmer has indicated his intent to adopt what he describes as a "pragmatic" approach with China. He stressed the importance of fostering a consistent, durable, and respectful relationship, emphasizing the need to "avoid surprises where possible" during his discussions with Xi.
Underlining this diplomatic engagement, Starmer asserted, “We want our relations to be consistent, durable, respectful.” His statements during the meeting reflected his aim for the UK to be seen as predictable and reliable. He cited the urgent need for stronger cooperation not only for mutual benefits but also for global peace and stability.
The British Prime Minister’s overtures toward Beijing come at a time when relations have soured due to various geopolitical concerns. There’s been a growing chorus from MPs across party lines advocating for tougher stances on issues related to Chinese policies, particularly ones affecting human rights. Nonetheless, Starmer’s administration appears inclined to blend assertiveness with diplomacy, seeking to engage the Chinese government even on contentious topics.
Among those sensitive issues discussed was the case of jailed Hong Kong pro-democracy activist Jimmy Lai. Lai has been detained since December 2020 and is currently facing potential life imprisonment under China's sweeping national security laws imposed on Hong Kong. Starmer made it clear to Xi his concern about Lai’s deteriorated health during their conversation, reiteration of the UK’s longstanding commitment to human rights and social justice.
Starmer’s engagement with Xi included proposals for future UK-China meetings, with plans laid out for the UK's Chancellor Rachel Reeves to visit China next spring. During their dialogue, Xi acknowledged the potential for greater cooperation between the UK and China, particularly emphasizing trade, investment opportunities, and clean energy initiatives. He stated there is "broad space" for collaboration, indicating China’s willingness to improve relations.
Political analysts note the significance of this meeting, especially considering the backdrop of rising global tensions and economic challenges. The re-election of Donald Trump poses another layer of complexity for Starmer's objectives. Trump's administration has previously adopted a stance of confrontation toward China, which may affect the U.S.-UK relationship and, by extension, the UK's dealings with Beijing.
Starmer is aware of the challenges posed by potential U.S. trade policies and renewed pushes for European countries to take stronger actions against China. Analysts speculate about whether Starmer's diplomatic efforts can persevere through any shifts resulting from the upcoming U.S. political climate, particularly should Trump decide to impose heavy tariffs on Chinese imports.
This delicate interplay has made the UK's foreign policy decisions increasingly complex. Starmer's balancing act involves maintaining traditional alliances derived from the Anglophone world, mainly the U.S., whilst trying to re-establish and nurture relationships with China.
For now, the lens through which observers view UK-China relations has shifted to one of cautious optimism with Starmer's administration appearing more willing to engage directly with Beijing. This encourages speculation on the broader impacts this could have, not only on trade and climate issues, but also on setting the stage for future diplomatic dialogue amid global uncertainties.
International relations analysts will be watching closely to see how this newly engaged approach plays out against existing criticisms from within the UK government and the broader public, reflecting shifting strategies toward one of increased diplomacy without compromising on fundamental principles of human rights.
Whether Starmer's diplomatic overtures can withstand the pressures of global politics and domestic scrutiny remains to be seen. But for now, at least, the conversation between the UK and China seems to have been rekindled, laying groundwork for what might become more stable and fruitful negotiations moving forward.
