December 2024 is shaping up to be an exciting month for astronomers and casual sky gazers alike, as the cosmos offers multiple celestial events, including significant planetary conjunctions and lunar phases. Key highlights include the appearances of the Moon alongside Jupiter and Mars, providing excellent opportunities for observation under the December night sky.
The month commenced with the lunar phase moving from its waning quarter to a new moon on December 1 at 7:21 AM (local time). This alignment caused the illuminated face of the Moon to become invisible from Earth, as it was positioned directly between the Earth and the sun.
On December 8, the Moon transitioned to its first quarter phase at 4:26 PM, enabling viewers to see its right side illuminated, forming the shape of the letter "D". Just a week later, the full moon will occur on December 15 at 10:02 AM, commonly referred to as the "cold moon" or "snow moon," named for the long, chilly nights of winter. Many cultures, including Native Americans, have special traditions associated with this full moon.
Further excitement occurs as the bright Moon encounters two prominent planets. On December 14, just after sunset, observers can witness the Moon appearing close to the dazzling Jupiter. Positioned just six degrees apart, Jupiter will shine brightly, making this event particularly eye-catching, especially as it recently reached opposition, bringing it close to Earth.
Shortly thereafter, on December 18, the Moon will form another conjunction, this time with Mars, which has been growing brighter as it approaches its opposition phase scheduled for January 2025. Both celestial bodies will be perilously close—less than one degree apart—making it a visual delight for those awake before dawn.
The celestial drama doesn’t stop there. December is also marked by notable meteor showers, particularly the Geminids, peaking around December 14. Though the full moon may overshadow visibility, this annual event is known for producing over 100 meteors per hour under optimal conditions. These trails of light are caused by debris from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon.
Adding to the splendor, the Orionids will peak on October 21, linking back to the famous Halley's Comet. Observers should note the likelihood of lower visibility this year due to lunar interference.
On December 21, the winter solstice will officially mark the start of winter, giving way to the longest night of the year. Following this date, the days will gradually lengthen, symbolizing renewal and the return of sunlight.
December 30 will wrap up the month with yet another new moon, marking the end of this year's lunar calendar and providing another opportunity for stargazers to experience the darkened skies.
Overall, December 2024 presents several spectacular opportunities for astronomical observation, marking it as one of the most memorable months for celestial viewing this year. With optimal viewing conditions expected during the summer months across the southern hemisphere, enthusiasts are encouraged to step outside and look up at the enchanting celestial theater above.
