March 1, 2025, marks the beginning of the month with intriguing astronomical phenomena, highlighted by the waxing moon and its conjunction with Mercury and later Venus. Astronomers and skywatchers alike will find plenty of reasons to look up this weekend.
On this first day of March, the moon will have just passed through new moon phases, beginning its ascent toward full brightness. By tonight, it will be visible as a delicate waxing crescent. Observers should look to the west after sunset to catch sight of this slender crescent moon which is expected to be positioned near the planet Mercury.
Mercury, shining brightly at magnitude -1.0, will be positioned just below the moon. This conjunction offers skywatchers not only a chance to view the moon, but also to witness Mercury's luminance, which is often missed by casual observers due to its proximity to the sun.
The visibility of these celestial bodies will be optimal approximately 45 minutes after sunset at about 6 degrees above the horizon, making it ideal for those seeking the best viewing opportunities. For those located in Tokyo, the moon will set at 7:02 PM, Mercury will sink below the horizon at 6:52 PM, and Venus will glimmer above at 8:06 PM, leading to splendid evening skies for stargazers.
The overlapping presence of the moon and Mercury reminds observers of the changing nature of our skies at this time of year. On March 2, the moon will approach Venus, creating another magnificent sight. The following week, on March 5th, moon observers can look forward to the phenomenon known as the occultation of the Pleiades star cluster (also known as Subaru), where the moon will cover the stars of this bright cluster.
Notably, this phenomenon will occur from approximately 10 PM until midnight, providing ample time for observation, though light pollution and the moon's imminent setting just before the event peaks (at 11:56 PM) might pose challenges for viewing.
March is known for the growing evening visibility of prominent planets, and from March 6 through March 9, the moon will dance with both Jupiter and Mars. This is particularly exciting because the moon will be following the waxing bright part, crossing paths with Jupiter on the evening of the 7th and Mars on the 9th. For planetary enthusiasts, these events signify good opportunities for capturing images and observing details through telescopes.
Following this flurry of planetary activity, observers will experience the eastern maximum elongation of Mercury on March 8. This rare occurrence allows observers to see Mercury high up on the horizon for nearly the entire evening. It'll be brightening to near magnitude -0.3 against the backdrop of Venus, which will be shining even brighter at -4.4, guiding those hunting down the elusive planet. By March 12, viewers will witness both Mercury and Venus align closely together once more.
Adding to the excitement of March, the full moon, commonly referred to as the “Worm Moon” in American folklore, is scheduled to occur on March 14, at 3:55 PM. This monthly name originates from the time of year when earthworms begin to reappear as the ground thaws, heralding the arrival of spring.
To top things off, this Worm Moon will also lead to a partial lunar eclipse visible from parts of North and South America. Though most of Asia will not see it, it will be visible from places such as Hawaii. The moon's entry phase will create only subtle changes—especially for Japan's viewers—as its altitude will be relatively low on the horizon.
Beyond the lunar events, March 20 will mark the equinox, indicating the beginning of spring. This is followed by subsequent celestial pairings, leading up to the new moon set for March 29.
The beauty of astronomy lies not just in observing these events but also in sharing them with family and friends. Setting up telescopes or simply enjoying the glow of the moon can create lasting memories, one young stargazer at a time. Whether you are taking photographs, documenting celestial events, or penetrating the mysteries of the night sky, this month is dotted with celestial spectacles worth noting.
Throughout March, engaging with the moon's phases enhances the natural beauty of early spring evenings. Amateur astronomers are encouraged to take notes of planetary patterns, track the moon's path, and participate actively by monitoring weather conditions to optimize their experience of celestial events.
For those interested, several organizations frequently offer stargazing events, guided tours, and localized information on timings and visibility. Local planetariums occasionally hold special viewings to coincide with major astronomical events, allowing families to engage with these wonders collectively.
With each passing evening spent gazing at the night sky, we deepen our connection with the universe. March is shaping up to be another month of incredible activities for both seasoned skywatchers and those just started out on their astronomical journeys.
So grab your binoculars or telescope, head outside, and marvel at the wonders above. Clear skies await!