Renowned filmmaker Shyam Benegal, who passed away on December 23 at the age of 90, is remembered as a key figure in the parallel cinema movement of the 1970s and 1980s. With a reputation for presenting authentic portrayals of societal challenges, Benegal’s contributions have left an indelible mark on Indian cinema.
Actor Boman Irani, who worked with Benegal in 'Well Done Abba' in 2009, recalled his experience working with the veteran director. Irani, interviewed by Hindustan Times, reflected on his emotional experience from the film set, noting he had never left a set in tears until this one. He expressed the deep impact of the experience, remarking on the valuable lessons he learned from Benegal, whom he described as having exceptional knowledge.
Shyam Benegal's ability to talk about even the smallest details, such as the design on a tile, made every collaborator feel valued with his insights and wisdom. Irani fondly recalls their collaboration, stating, 'The festival had offered only one ticket for him because he was the director. I said, ‘I am buying my own ticket, I want to just be on the same flight.’ We sat together and busked around London like two kids. I was like a pesky fan.'
This memorable trip to London, where they explored the city carefree, reflects the bond they shared during the making of 'Well Done Abba', which garnered attention at various international film festivals, including one in London. Irani also remembers a later meeting at a wedding, where the director humorously scolded him for not delivering a script they had promised. Despite their busy lives, they often crossed paths, including during flights, and Irani holds dear the director's infectious chuckle.
Throughout his more than fifty-year career, Benegal became a groundbreaking force behind India's independent cinema, distinguished for his insightful social commentary and bold, nuanced portrayal of women’s lives. His approach consistently pushed boundaries, offering fresh perspectives as it challenged societal norms and traditional cinematic conventions.
Benegal emerged as a key figure alongside other notable filmmakers like Mani Kaul, Ketan Mehta, Saeed Mirza, and Govind Nihalani during the parallel cinema movement, especially prevalent during the 1970s and 1980s. His collaborations with actresses such as Smita Patil and Shabana Azmi highlighted compelling stories of women, bringing their complex realities to the forefront of Indian narrative cinema.
While Benegal never openly identified as a feminist filmmaker, his oeuvre reflected deep concerns around women's struggles, agency, and empowerment across all social classes. His films stood starkly against Laura Mulvey's concept of the 'male gaze,' which objectifies women for male pleasure. Benegal, instead, focused on presenting women as strong, multifaceted characters, central to the narrative, with their own stories and identities beyond male desire.
Among his notable films was 'Ankur' (1974), which emerged as his directorial debut. This powerful piece critiques the burdens of casteism and sexual exploitation, particularly within rural India. Starring Shabana Azmi as the wife of a Dalit farmer, the film sheds light on the oppressive structures affecting marginalized individuals, especially women. Azmi’s character navigates complex dynamics, embodying resilience amid caste politics and exploitation.
Another significant work, 'Bhoomika' (1977), chronicles Usha's life, played by Smita Patil, and is based on the autobiography of Marathi actress Hansa Wadkar. The film beautifully captures Usha’s entangled personal and professional struggles as she faces exploitation within the film industry, examining the blurry lines between her public persona and private self.
Benegal’s daring film 'Mandi' (1983) focuses on women working in Hyderabad's brothels, portraying their relationships and resilience through humor and deep social analysis. Shabana Azmi plays the madam who confronts landlords and political threats, showcasing how women, even within precarious contexts, form bonds of solidarity and courage. The film’s bold approach to the dynamics of power, survival, and dignity continues to resonate.
More recently, 'Zubeidaa' (2001) features Karisma Kapoor portraying the titular character, reflecting the tragic tale of a free-spirited woman whose unfulfilled aspirations lead to dire consequences. This portrayal examines complex relationships and the societal pressures surrounding them, encapsulating Benegal's ability to create emotionally charged narratives.
'Manthan' (1976), another milestone, tells the uplifting story of rural empowerment through the lens of the milk cooperative movement, showcasing women like Bindu, played by Smita Patil, who challenge existing societal structures. Benegal’s ability to depict women's leadership and agency paints hope against the backdrop of traditional Indian narratives.
Shyam Benegal’s influence extends beyond his body of work. He redefined Indian cinema with powerful social commentaries challenging the status quo and offering voices to the voiceless. His films celebrate authenticity and complexity, inspiring generations of filmmakers to craft meaningful stories. Benegal proved artistic integrity could coexist with commercial success, leaving behind a legacy intertwined with India's cinematic evolution.
Reflecting on Benegal's contributions, one cannot help but feel gratitude. The filmmaker's lens captured the soul of India, influencing countless narratives within and beyond its cinema. His passing marks not just the loss of a filmmaker but the closing of a chapter defining modern Indian storytelling.
