In the French overseas region of Réunion, a state of emergency has been declared due to a significant outbreak of chikungunya fever. The Regional Health Agency (ARS) activated the "White Plan" at the university hospital, which allows for the mobilization of additional resources to combat the rapidly spreading virus. This emergency measure was first implemented on the island during the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022.
The "White Plan" is designed to address crisis situations by enabling hospitals to quickly deploy emergency logistics, enhance staffing, and optimize patient placement. According to a press release from the hospital, the decision to implement this plan was made in response to a "very significant increase in emergency room activity over several days" in the northern and southern regions of the island, particularly in Saint-Denis and Saint-Pierre.
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted through the bites of Aedes mosquitoes. It causes fever accompanied by severe muscle and joint pain, and in some cases, can lead to serious complications, including neurological issues and even death. Symptoms can persist for more than three months, making the disease particularly debilitating.
The situation on Réunion has escalated dramatically. During the week of March 17 to March 23, 2025, approximately 6,000 new cases of chikungunya were reported. Since August 2024, more than 20,000 cases have been identified, according to health authorities. It’s important to note that the actual number of cases may be three to four times higher, as many infected individuals do not seek medical attention. Officially, two deaths have been attributed to the virus, involving individuals aged 86 and 96.
As the epidemic progresses, health officials expect the peak of infections to occur by mid-April 2025. This alarming trend has prompted the French government to take decisive action. In June 2024, the first vaccine for chikungunya for adults received marketing authorization in Europe. A vaccination campaign is set to begin on April 7, 2025, coinciding with the visit of Foreign Minister Manuel Valls to Saint-Denis. The campaign will utilize 40,000 doses of the newly approved vaccine.
In addition to Réunion, the chikungunya epidemic has also spread to the nearby island of Mayotte, where the first 12 cases of infection have been identified. This expansion of the outbreak raises concerns about the potential for further transmission and the strain on healthcare resources.
The "White Plan" allows for the cancellation or postponement of planned medical operations and the recall of medical personnel from leave to ensure adequate staffing levels. Hospitals in both Saint-Denis and Saint-Pierre are currently experiencing significant overcrowding, with staff working at maximum capacity to manage the influx of patients.
Chikungunya fever poses a serious public health challenge, particularly in regions like Réunion, which has a history of battling outbreaks. During the major epidemic of 2005-2006, approximately one-third of the island's population was infected with the virus. The current outbreak underscores the need for robust public health measures and community awareness to prevent further spread.
As the vaccination campaign rolls out, health authorities are urging residents to remain vigilant and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of chikungunya. With the peak of the epidemic approaching, timely intervention and public compliance with health guidelines will be crucial in controlling the outbreak.
The situation remains fluid, and health officials are closely monitoring the evolving epidemic. The community's response, alongside government interventions, will play a pivotal role in managing the outbreak and safeguarding public health on Réunion and beyond.
