The global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), along with its complications such as MAFLD-related cirrhosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASH)-related liver cancer, has reached alarming levels according to recent research. The study, which draws on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, highlights significant increases in the prevalence and incidence of these conditions from 1990 to 2021, projecting continued rises through 2036.
Globally, approximately 1.27 billion individuals were diagnosed with MAFLD as of 2021, marking it as the most prevalent chronic liver disease. The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) for MAFLD stood at 15,018 per 100,000 individuals, with the highest incidences recorded in South and East Asia. This surge can be linked to rising rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), all of which are driving risk factors for MAFLD.
“This study highlights the growing global burden of MAFLD, MAFLD-related cirrhosis, and MASH-related liver cancer,” wrote the authors of the article. With mortality rates reaching 138,328 cases for MAFLD and 97,403 for MAFLD-related cirrhosis, the data suggests not only increasing incidence but also heightened vigilance is needed surrounding these diseases.
The study utilized data from diverse geographic regions classified by the socio-demographic index (SDI), allowing for comprehensive assessments of health inequalities. With decomposition analyses illustrating significant contributions from population growth and aging, researchers found alarming trends, especially within low- and middle-income countries where healthcare access may be limited.
“Urgent action is required to address the rising incidence of these conditions,” the authors stressed, emphasizing the pressing need for targeted public health interventions. The GBD data show significant regional disparities with Latin America and South Asia exhibiting the highest prevalence rates, underscoring the impact of lifestyle changes associated with urbanization and dietary shifts.
Men are found to be more affected by MAFLD overall, though important differences exist, particularly among young women. These findings have major implications for healthcare systems, which may face severe challenges as populations age and metabolic diseases become increasingly prevalent. The burden of MAFLD projected to rise by 2036 emphasizes just how pressing this health challenge will become.
While the research identifies significant trends and factors contributing to MAFLD's growing global burden, it also offers constructive insights for public health strategies, such as promoting healthy diets and early diagnosis through healthcare systems, especially considering notable inequalities. Further investment and action are necessary to reverse the upward trend of MAFLD and its associated illnesses.