This innovative research offers significant advancements for agriculture, particularly under the pressures of climate change.
By addressing the urgent need for effective agricultural techniques, scientists from Nanjing University have developed a remarkable photonic film aimed at enhancing plant photosynthesis.
This new coolhouse film, which can regulate temperature and reduce water usage, merges machine learning with traditional design techniques to create optimal conditions for vegetation to thrive.
The researchers employed genetic algorithms to explore hundreds of design possibilities before selecting the most effective one. The resulting film transmits only the necessary light wavelengths for photosynthesis (400-500 nm and 600-700 nm) and reflects up to 72% of the sun's heat.
Significantly, tests indicate this film can lower surrounding temperatures by 5-17 °C and reduce soil water evaporation by over 50%, greatly improving crop resilience to heat and drought.
According to the authors, "The coolhouse film enables effective passive cooling for plants without affecting photosynthesis and consuming extra energy/water," underlining the environmental benefits of the new technology.
This project is particularly timely as the world faces increasing temperatures and water scarcity, with agriculture accounting for more than 70% of global freshwater use.
Industrial-scale trials showed promising results when the film was deployed both indoors and outdoors, leading to versatile applications across varying climates.
Lastly, researchers emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to customize these films for specific crops, ensuring optimal growth and sustainability.