Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who passed away recently, left behind a rich legacy of foreign and domestic policies deeply entwined with India's growth. Singh's interventions significantly affected the lives of many, including the fishermen communities along the coastal villages of Kendrapada. These communities mourned his death, recalling his pivotal role during the seven-month fishing ban at Gahirmatha initiated in 2004. Thanks to his policies, alternative livelihood programs and compensation schemes were launched, easing the burden of those impacted.
Singh's approach to policy was grounded in his belief to align India’s development priorities with its foreign policy. He famously articulated this vision during his 2005 meeting with former US President George W. Bush at the UN General Assembly. The two leaders discussed methods through which the US could assist India in accessing clean energy resources against the backdrop of post-1998 nuclear test sanctions. This conversation eventually led to the formulation of the landmark civil nuclear agreement, finalized three years later, allowing India to engage internationally in nuclear commerce. More than just commerce, this agreement positioned India firmly within global diplomatic circles, showcasing its growing significance on the world stage.
Singh was not merely reactive; he was proactive and bold, often against substantial opposition. He knew the risks of maintaining coalition politics, especially considering the dissent from Left parties, yet he firmly believed the nuclear deal served India's long-term interests. His collaboration with Sonia Gandhi, who supported his vision, coupled with the political climate of the time, largely influenced the successful navigation of this agreement.
The civil nuclear deal symbolizes more than just energy prospects; it represented India’s aspirations for global clout. Singh's strategy went beyond simply seeking power; it was shaped by five key principles he defined for his foreign policy. These principles included fostering stable and mutually beneficial international relations, enhancing economic integration, and promoting regional cooperation. Emphasizing shared destinies within the Indian subcontinent, Singh often reiterated the importance of values, stating, "India’s experiment of pursuing economic development within the framework of a plural, secular and liberal democracy has inspired people around the world and should continue to do so," during his address to Indian ambassadors and high commissioners.
While the nuclear deal formed the cornerstone of Singh’s international focus, his administration did not overlook relationships with neighboring powers. His careful handling of China, especially amid rising tensions, showcased his diplomatic acumen. Despite personal frustrations concerning China’s assertiveness, Singh believed maintaining communication and engagement would serve both nations well, as demonstrated by his significant visits to Arunachal Pradesh to reaffirm India's interests. He understood the value of infrastructure development and connectivity, framing these as tools for national security and economic growth.
Singh’s tenure also touched the often contentious area of India-Pakistan relations. Attempts at peace negotiations during his time saw some success, largely attributed to behind-the-scenes discussions with Pervez Musharraf. Reports from the time indicated agreements on several key points, including free trade and autonomy, aspects pivotal for de-escalation. His administration's efforts could have led to significant progress, but were undercut by domestic political turbulence following Musharraf's diminishing power.
Conversely, Singh faced criticism from nationalists and opposition parties for his perceived leniency toward Pakistan. Regardless, he remained steadfast, indicating there was merit in pursuing dialogue and cooperation over hostility. His reluctance to visit Pakistan during his tenure spoke to the complicated nature of these diplomatic interactions.
On the domestic front, Singh's initiatives left indelible marks on various sectors, not just fishing but also energy and technology. His launch of the Look West Policy aimed at strengthening ties with the Gulf region boosted India's international partnerships and trade relations significantly. This set the stage for more contemporary diplomatic efforts, including partnerships with ASEAN nations and the Quad, showcasing the strategic foresight characteristic of his governance.
Singh's leadership style was not without its detractors, often labeled as cautious or too accommodating. Nonetheless, his balancing acts with global powers, particularly the US and China, illustrated his deft handling of international relations amid significant challenges. His strategic prioritization of India's developmental needs linked closely with global platforms laid the groundwork for future administrations to build upon.
Reflecting on the outpouring of grief from Kendrapada and across India following his death, it is clear Manmohan Singh’s legacy continues to resonate deeply. From restructuring foreign policy to accommodate India’s developmental ambitions, to ensuring welfare for marginalized communities, Singh's impact is undeniably woven through the fabric of modern India. His vision of India as both assertive on the global stage and considerate at home remains relevant as the nation charts its course forward.
