Bologna, Italy – Ramadan 2025 is set to commence on March 1 and is expected to last until March 30 or 31, 2025, depending on lunar observations. This holy month signifies fasting, prayer, and reflection for the over two billion Muslims worldwide, marking one of the most significant periods of the Islamic calendar. Preparations are underway not only to observe the month but also to unite various communities through shared religious and cultural practices.
For Muslims, Ramadan symbolizes purification and renewal of faith. During this sacred time, it is customary for adherents to refrain from food and drink from dawn until dusk, enriching the experience with prayers, community gatherings, and charitable acts. Observing Ramadan is not just about abstaining from physical sustenance; it embodies self-discipline and empathy, encouraging Muslims to develop gratitude and compassion for the less fortunate.
Among the exciting events leading up to Ramadan this year is the collaboration between the National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) and the Grand Mosque of Rome, aiming to observe the New Moon to officially start Ramadan. The event, set for February 28, 2025, will involve astronomers and members of various Islamic communities, emphasizing the blend of science and faith. Notably, the crescent moon—the hallmark sign marking the beginning of the month—can be elusive, as astronomers and religious leaders join forces to witness its emergence.
Starting at 17:55, when the sun sets below the horizon, observers from different locations including the Catania Astronomical Observatory and the Union of Italian Astrophilists will connect online to share sightings of the moon's first crescent. Visibility is anticipated to be particularly challenging due to the faint luminosity of the moon, which may hinder accurate sightings and even lead to delays. The INAF stated its role is strictly scientific, aiding religious authorities to determine the moon's visibility without breaching the religious significance tied to Ramadan's commencement.
Meanwhile, conflicting methods for determining the start of Ramadan have emerged from various Islamic organizations, especially evident within Indonesia. The Muhammadiyah organization, known for its reliance on astronomical calculations, has declared March 1, 2025, as the beginning of the month. On the contrary, the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) plans to hold a meeting on February 28 to potentially ascertain the start on either March 1 or 2. This discrepancy exemplifies the diversity within the Islamic community stemming from different traditions and methodologies.
Prominent astrologer Thomas Djamaluddin opines about the probabilities of moon visibility across Indonesia, warning of the possibility of Kemenag declaring the beginning on March 2, if conditions are unfavorable for sightings.
To refine the concept of Ramadan, it is necessary to understand its background. The month is not only about fasting but commemorates the first revelations of the Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad. Practices during Ramadan include the early meal, Suhoor, before dawn, and the breaking of the fast, known as Iftar, traditionally enjoyed with family and friends. This year, daily prayers and community fellowship will play significant roles at mosques and community centers across Italy, where around 1.6 million Muslims reside.
Ramadan also serves as a pivotal time for charities and acts of compassion. Many mosques and Islamic centers organize Iftar events open to all, inviting individuals of different faiths to build unity and fraternity. Milan, Rome, and other major cities will witness initiatives aimed at fostering interfaith dialogue through shared meals and prayers.
Notably, the initiations for Ramadan mirror the annual themes of hope and reconciliation highlighted by Cardinal Matteo Zuppi in his messages to the Bologna Islamic community. His letter reflects the integral values of Ramadan and Lent, emphasizing the importance of returning to God and nurturing fraternal bonds. He speaks of hope as the overarching theme, urging both communities to remain resilient amid daily struggles.
During Ramadan, Muslims cultivate their spirituality through increased prayers, particularly the nightly Taraweeh prayers, which are gatherings intended for communal worship and recitation of the Qur'an. Spirituality manifests throughout Ramadan, with many individuals committing to intensive prayer, Qur'an interpretation, and charitable outreach.
The culmination of Ramadan will lead to Eid al-Fitr on March 30 or 31, 2025, celebrating the end of fasting with joy, communal prayers, and gifts. Eid signifies appreciation for the strength displayed during Ramadan and the unity formed with others.
Despite potential differences and challenges experienced by various communities, Ramadan reflects shared values and the fundamental essence of humanity, emphasizing connection through faith and cultural practice. The month serves as not only a time for fasting but also one for deep reflection on community ties and the human condition.