Five years after the United Kingdom officially left the European Union, public opinion has shifted dramatically, with most Britons, including many of those who voted to leave, expressing clear dissatisfaction with the outcomes of Brexit. According to recent polling data from YouGov, only three out of ten Britons believe it was the right choice for the UK to exit the EU, contrasting sharply with the 55% who feel it was the wrong decision.
The polling, conducted on January 21-22, 2025, reflects the lowest level of support for Brexit among the public since the referendum took place in 2016. At the time of the departure, 40% of individuals considered it the correct decision, yet just over 30% currently share this view. This shift highlights the significant economic and social challenges the UK has faced since leaving the bloc, which many argue were downplayed during the campaign.
Among the most alarming findings from the poll is the belief among the populace about Brexit's negative repercussions. Six out of ten respondents—62%—characterize the outcomes of Brexit as more of a failure, compared to only 11% who perceive it as more successful. A considerable segment of the population, including some Leave voters, acknowledge the unfulfilled promises tied to the referendum.
For those who initially backed leaving the EU, sentiment has also turned sour. According to YouGov, 32% of Leave voters now label Brexit as more of a failure, compared to just 22% who believe it has been successful. This discontent places even more emphasis on the importance of the recent polling, showing how expectations have not materialized as promised during the campaign.
Among those surveyed, there are numerous areas where respondents feel Brexit has had detrimental consequences. An overwhelming 67% said it has negatively impacted the cost of living, with 65% citing adverse effects on the economy. Further compounding this dissatisfaction, 64% of those polled assert it has been bad for British businesses, leading to calls from various politicians for reevaluation of the UK's current relationship with the EU.
Sir Keir Starmer, the leader of the Labour Party, has indicated his government’s aim to reset relations with Europe. While establishing closer ties remains central to Starmer's vision, he has stressed the importance of not reversing Brexit or rejoining the single market. "We do not have plans for youth mobility but do have plans for closer relationships—on various fronts, including the economy and defence,” he stated. This stance, aiming to soften the blow of Brexit, reflects Starmer’s strategy to avoid the contentious political divide over the issue.
Critique from opposition figures has intensified, particularly as they lament the perceived failures of the Conservative government, which has dealt with the fallout of Brexit. Liberal Democrat leader Ed Davey highlighted the negative impact of the current Brexit deal and branded it as “an utter disaster for our country,” lamenting how it has ensnared sectors such as agriculture and small businesses within excessive red tape.
Despite criticisms, prominent Brexit proponents like Nigel Farage continue to advocate for leaving the EU, asserting, “I still 100 percent believe it was the right thing to do.” Yet he acknowledged disappointment with the implementation of Brexit, reflecting the complexity of public opinion on the issue.
Polling indicates stark divides between different demographics, particularly with younger voters. Among those aged 18-24, nearly 75% believe the Brexit vote was the wrong choice, underscoring the generational disconnect surrounding this pivotal national decision. This demographic, many of whom were not old enough to vote at the time of the referendum, may play a significant role in shaping future debates surrounding the UK's international relations and position within Europe.
On the fifth anniversary of Brexit, the overarching sentiment from UK residents is one of regret and uncertainty. Reports, such as “The Brexit Files” published by UK in a Changing Europe, highlight the significant ramifications of Brexit, touching on various economic aspects including trade, immigration, and defense. The report critiques Starmer’s government for lacking ambition and for failing to adequately address the broader impacts of Brexit.
Looking forward, the public discontent about Brexit may continue to influence political dynamics within the UK. The rising voices advocating for rejoining the EU as the country grapples with the long-term effects of Brexit demonstrate a need for clarity and commitment to address pressing issues stemming from its departure from the EU.
With the current sentiment characterized predominantly by skepticism and disappointment, UK leaders will need to navigate the complex terrain of public sentiment as they steer future policies and relationships within Europe. The path Brexit has carved out for the nation remains fraught, with the echoes of promise unfulfilled looming large over British politics.