A recent study has shed light on the prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) among tribal populations in Southern Rajasthan, India, highlighting important public health issues concerning genetic disorders.
Conducted across two blocks—Kotra and Sajjangarh—the screening revealed significant findings, with SCT present at 9.87% and SCD at 0.32%. Notably, the Garasiya tribe exhibited the highest combined prevalence, reaching 15.52%, considerably surpassing the Bhil tribe, which reported 9.68%.
The study aimed to evaluate the public health impact of SCD, particularly within tribal communities, where healthcare access is often limited. Approximately 13.5% of Rajasthan's population identifies as tribal, encompassing diverse communities where genetic conditions like SCD are particularly prevalent.
The research employed a two-tiered screening approach: first, using the solubility test method, followed by confirmation through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Such methods are not only innovative but also practical for community-level implementation, leading to increased early detection of individuals at risk.
Of the 78,959 individuals screened, 9,214 tested positive for the solubility test, with 8,055 confirmed as having the sickle gene via HPLC, indicating the outreach and effectiveness of the screening strategy. The findings reveal disparities among different ethnic groups, underscoring the need for targeted healthcare interventions.
Authors of the article noted, "These findings highlight the ethnic and regional disparities in the distribution of the HbS gene," affirming the importance of addressing such issues to improve healthcare access for tribal populations.
Research findings suggest the necessity of targeted screening programs, particularly aimed at high-prevalence areas where SCD poses significant health risks. The successful implementation of screening programs will not only aid in identifying affected individuals early but also pave the way for comprehensive healthcare strategies to manage SCD more effectively.
This step is particularly pertinent as India strives to implement the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission, which aims to facilitate structured management of SCD and improve the quality of life for those affected.
Concluding, the current study paints a clear picture of the burden imposed by sickle cell disorders within tribal communities of Southern Rajasthan. The prevalence rates found—0.32% for SCD and 9.87% for SCT—suggest manageable yet significant public health challenges, warranting immediate action.