As the first days of May approach, many Polish citizens prepare to display their national flag in celebration of three significant holidays: Labor Day on May 1, Flag Day on May 2, and Constitution Day on May 3. This festive period, marked by the prominent display of the white and red flag, serves as a reminder of Poland's rich history and national pride. However, not everyone is aware that there are specific guidelines for displaying the Polish flag correctly.
The Polish national flag consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width—white on the top and red on the bottom—in a 5:8 ratio. To honor this important symbol, it is essential to follow several basic rules for its display. Firstly, the flag must be clean, in good condition, and free from wrinkles or tears. It should never touch the ground, floor, pavement, or water. If the flag is exposed to harsh weather conditions such as storms, heavy winds, or snow, it must be lowered and removed to prevent damage. Additionally, no inscriptions, signs, or drawings are permitted on the flag. When a flag becomes worn out, it should be disposed of respectfully, either through non-public burning or by separating its colors.
Institutions, both state and local, are required to display the flag on specific statutory days. Besides the May holidays, these dates include March 1 (National Day of Remembrance of the "Cursed Soldiers"), March 24 (National Day of Remembrance of Poles Rescuing Jews), April 14 (Celebration of the Baptism of Poland), May 8 (National Victory Day), July 12 (Day of Struggle and Martyrdom of the Polish Countryside), August 1 (National Day of Remembrance of the Warsaw Uprising), August 31 (Day of Solidarity and Freedom), October 19 (National Day of Remembrance of Unyielding Clergy), November 11 (National Independence Day), and December 27 (National Day of the Victorious Greater Poland Uprising).
While private individuals are not legally obligated to display the flag, many choose to do so as an expression of patriotism and national pride. To ensure the flag is displayed correctly, it is crucial to remember a few simple guidelines. The flag should be hung with pride and respect, reflecting the significance it holds for the nation.
Interestingly, the Polish flag has three official versions, each with a specific purpose. The most commonly seen is the state flag, which is a simple white-red rectangle. The flag with the coat of arms features a white-red eagle placed centrally on the white stripe and is used exclusively abroad, such as on embassy buildings, in ports, and on civil airports and vessels. The war ensign, which has two triangular indentations and also includes the coat of arms, is designated for the Navy.
The colors of the Polish flag carry deep meaning; white symbolizes purity, honesty, and innocence, while red represents courage, glory, and the blood shed for the homeland. The history of these colors is rich and complex. The white and red colors were officially recognized as national colors on May 3, 1792, and later confirmed as symbols of national unity by the Polish Parliament in 1831. After regaining independence in 1918, the white-red flag was formally established as the national flag, a symbol that remains with Poland to this day.
May 2 is particularly significant as it marks Flag Day in Poland, a relatively new holiday established in 2004 following an initiative by journalist Andrzej Zaporowski. This day symbolizes the historical moment in 1945 when Polish soldiers raised the white-red flag on the Victory Column and the Reichstag building in Berlin. It is also the day when Polonia and Poles living abroad are celebrated.
However, the display of the flag is not without its rules. During national holidays, every citizen is allowed to hang the national flag in their window or on their balcony, but this must be done in accordance with specific guidelines. The flag's proportions must be maintained, with the white stripe always above the red. Moreover, private individuals are prohibited from displaying the flag with the national emblem.
When displaying the flag, it should be in good condition—free from rips, dirt, or fading. If the flag is damaged or worn, it is advisable to destroy it respectfully rather than risk displaying a profaned symbol. The flag should not be used as a covering for any object or as a tablecloth. When hanging the flag, it should be positioned properly, ensuring the colors are arranged correctly.
For those who wish to hang the flag vertically, the white color should be on the left side for someone facing north or west. The flagpole should hold the flag at a precise angle of 45 degrees, and the width of the flag should be between one-third and one-half of the length of the pole. It is also important to note that flags with the national emblem can only be used by Polish representations and missions abroad, military units, and civil aircraft during international flights.
Violating the rules regarding the display of the flag can lead to serious legal consequences. According to Article 137 of the Penal Code, anyone who publicly insults, destroys, damages, or removes the emblem, banner, pennon, flag, or other state symbols may face fines, restrictions of liberty, or imprisonment for up to one year. This strict regulation underscores the importance of the flag as a national symbol deserving of respect.
As May 2 approaches, let us all take the time to reflect on the significance of the Polish flag and the values it represents. Whether through public institutions or personal displays, honoring this symbol of national pride is a shared responsibility that connects all Poles.
