The Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, continue to mesmerize millions of people around the world, especially as the solar maximum approaches its peak this winter. This phenomenon, resulting from charged particles from the sun interacting with the Earth’s atmosphere, offers some stunning displays, particularly near the poles and during specific seasons.
For many, witnessing the northern lights is akin to achieving lifelong dream status. Lasting between late August and mid-April, the visibility of the lights heavily relies on dark, clear skies, making it almost impossible to spot them during summer months when daylight lasts longer. Recent reports have indicated increased activity due to the sun transitioning through its 11-year solar activity maximum, which is expected to peak this winter (2024-2025) but may continue to give spectacular displays until 2029.
The increasing likelihood of auroras provides no shortage of opportunities for seekers of the extraordinary display. One popular destination is Iceland, which sits at around 64 degrees north latitude. This geographical advantage places it firmly within the northern lights belt, where longer hours of darkness during winter increase the chances of sightings. Despite variability, the country’s stunning natural environment offers rich experiences for those enchanted by the aurora.
Bob King, who has presented during the recent 'Road Scholar Astronomy Above the Arctic Circle' cruise along the Norwegian coast, shares his own experiences of chasing the northern lights. The cruise facilitates access to polar regions where the auroras are visible throughout the year, weather permitting. "If you've ever wanted to see the northern lights, a cruise is one way to achieve the dream," King remarked after witnessing several displays during the cruise.
His cruise began from Bergen and continued to Honningsvåg, crossing the Arctic Circle. King recounted how daily highs hovered around 1° C (34° F), and low temperatures remained fairly mild due to the Gulf Stream's warming currents. Beyond the coastal beauty, these regions are known for their perpetual darkness, which makes witnessing the vibrant auroras somewhat easier.
Particularly spectacular were the displays seen on February 17th during King’s trip, where the combination of minor geomagnetic storms created vivid arks shimmering with green and pink rays. Such displays prompted joyous reactions from spectators onboard. “The majesty of nature manifests itself,” King noted, as spectators marveled at the liveliness of the auroras, which looked like elongated waves of color pouring across the sky.
For those situated outside extreme latitudes, efforts to glimpse the aurora aren't without possibility. For example, Vincent Ledvina, capturing astonishing footage of the aurora borealis from his home near North Pole, Alaska noted, “The greens were easily visible to the naked eye, and the aurora danced overhead for quite some time.” His account demonstrates how the right conditions can still allow for spectacular sightings remotely.
Further south, reports from the UK indicate opportunities to see the northern lights as well, primarily thanks to approaching peaks in solar activity. This winter, the Met Office forecasted ideal viewing conditions. Key dates include February 27 and 28, with enhanced visibility expected across northern Scotland and similar latitudes.
Viewing conditions greatly benefit from reduced light pollution. Whether it’s high mountain terrains or coastal regions, dark skies provide the clearest views. Observers should aim for locations devoid of artificial lights, preferably around midnight, when auroras are more likely to show. Tips recommended by the Met Office include searching for interesting foreground features, which can include trees for silhouettes or reflective surfaces like lakes.
Hungry for more tips? Camera enthusiasts desiring to capture auroras should ideally aim for clear, windless evenings and utilize tripods for steady shots. Wide-angle lenses are recommended along with optimal camera settings adjusted for low-light environments. iPhone users are encouraged to utilize the night mode setting, whereas Android users should enable their device’s manual mode, adjusting settings to capture the ethereal beauty of the lights.
This adventure to view the auroras need not be isolated to Iceland or Norway. Visitors also flock to Finland's northern Lapland, where auroras are frequently visible from September through March. Here, visitors often book unique accommodations with see-through roofs, providing panoramic views of the auroras directly from their beds. The amenities available reflect the substantial tourism drawn by the lights, making for comfortable stays even if the auroras temporarily fail to appear.
Among the Arctic clubs for aurora seekers are Canada, Alaska, and even Greenland, destinations particularly known for their spacious natural settings unspoiled by urban light pollution. Fairbanks, Alaska offers infrastructure conducive to northern lights tourists, being described as the 'Golden Heart of Alaska.' Meanwhile, sudden accessibility changes have made Greenland's Nuuk City promising for those daring enough to track the northern lights.
We cannot forget Sweden either, where August through April presents great opportunities for sightings. Abisko National Park hosts the famous Aurora Sky Station, widely acclaimed for its uninterrupted views and light pollution-free environment. Not to be outdone, Svalbard provides incredible climate and geography for serious aurora enthusiasts, presenting unique challenges and fantastic rewards for adventurers.
Overall, the hunt for the aurora borealis embodies the essence of adventure, appealing to those who yearn to experience the magnificence of nature. With the solar maximum on the horizon, this winter presents particularly ripe conditions for those seeking the sublime beauty of this extraordinary light display.