Nigeria's Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is on high alert for the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), prompted by the recent outbreak confirmed on January 30, 2025, by Uganda's Ministry of Health. The outbreak, which pertains to the Sudan strain of the virus, has resulted in one confirmed case and one death from infection, with 44 individuals currently under surveillance in Uganda's Wakiso, Mukono, and Mbale City regions.
Interestingly, at this point, Nigeria has reported no cases of EVD. Nonetheless, the NCDC is taking proactive measures. Dr. Jide Idris, the Director General of NCDC, emphasized the agency’s readiness, stating, “While there is no immediate cause for panic, we must remain vigilant. The Ebola Sudan strain has no approved vaccine, making early detection and containment critically important.” His sentiment resonates strongly, especially considering the potential severity of Ebola, characterized by its 25 to 90 percent fatality rate depending on several factors, including the strain and the effectiveness of response efforts.
Dr. Idris outlined the actions being undertaken by the NCDC to prevent the introduction of the virus to Nigeria. "We have activated our systems and updated our Ebola emergency response plans, increasing screening at points of entry, particularly at international airports," he mentioned. The NCDC is also optimizing its diagnostic capacity for EVD testing within designated laboratories, as well as mobilizing Lassa fever testing labs to scale up for Ebola testing if necessary.
Public health remains at the forefront of the NCDC’s strategy. Citizens are advised to maintain rigorous hygiene practices, which include regular handwashing with soap and water. The NCDC cautioned, as echoed by Dr. Idris, “Nigerians should practice good hygiene, avoid bushmeat, and report symptoms immediately to prevent potential outbreaks.” These measures are especially pertinent as the Ebola virus can be transmitted through contact with bodily fluids, presenting dangers to healthcare providers and those living with infected individuals.
Healthcare workers play a decisive role in the detection and management of EVD. Dr. Idris urged them to maintain “a high index of suspicion for EVD” and to implement strict isolation protocols for any suspected cases. He specified the necessity of adhering to Infection Prevention and Control measures, including proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), to safeguard both staff and patients. Prompt reporting of any suspected cases to health authorities is encouraged, ensuring effective management and response.
The outbreak of the Sudan strain has raised concerns about its potential spread, and the NCDC is adamant about public education on risk factors and protective actions. Dr. Idris alluded to the complexity and dangers surrounding EVD, “Individuals with recent travel history to or through countries with reported Ebola cases must seek immediate medical attention if experiencing symptoms such as fever, weakness, or unexplained bleeding.” To facilitate this, he encouraged such travelers to contact the NCDC’s toll-free hotline, 6232, for assessment and guidance.
While the World Health Organization (WHO) has not imposed any travel restrictions on Uganda, Dr. Idris underscored the necessity for Nigerians to refrain from non-essential travel to regions affected by the virus. With the potential for the virus to wreak havoc should it gain foothold, preparedness is key. The NCDC is committed to staying vigilant, enhancing surveillance and response measures across Nigeria to mitigate risks associated with EVD transmission.
Despite the challenges presented by the Ebola outbreak, Dr. Idris reassured the public, “We are reinforcing our coordination with global health organizations and updating our protocols as we respond to the situation as it develops.” He emphasized the need for community engagement and awareness, highlighting the role the public can play by adhering to recommended health guidelines.
To assist the populace in remembering preventative measures, particularly the importance of reporting symptoms, the NCDC encourages continued dissemination of relevant information through its various communication channels, including social media platforms and official website.
The situation surrounding Ebola will undoubtedly evolve, but as it stands, the Nigerian public must remain informed and prepared, following the guidelines issued by health authorities. Staying vigilant and proactive could make the difference between containment and outbreak.