The welfare of broiler breeders is a pressing concern within the poultry industry, as these birds often experience unique behavioral restrictions compared to both their offspring and laying hens. A recent study evaluated innovative environmental enrichment strategies for improving the living conditions of broiler breeders, focusing on their preferences for various types of enrichments in commercial housing. Conducted on a Northern Irish farm associated with Moy Park Ltd., the research involved careful observation of chickens over a production cycle stretching from March to December 2022.
At the heart of the study were three types of enrichment: perches, pecking enrichments, and dust baths. Each of these categories aimed to enhance the birds' environments and accommodate their natural behaviors, which are essential for their welfare. The research revealed noteworthy insights into the preferences of these birds, providing a foundation for future improvements in commercial broiler breeder housing.
Observations were made during three distinct phases of production: early, peak, and late lay. Among the forms of perches tested, including round metal and rubber-coated bars as well as platform-style perches made of plastic gridding, it became evident that the broiler breeders showed a clear preference for platform perches. As the authors noted, "Perching was highest at night but reduced over the cycle."
Specifically, the research pointed out that occupancy levels increased significantly, particularly during nighttime, although birds tended to reduce their perching frequency as production progressed. This was likely due to waning agility related to their reproductive cycle. The maximum number of birds on a perch also indicated an ideal space allowance, with the study concluding that once perches exceeded a comfortable occupancy of 23 centimeters of linear space per bird, preferences would drop.
In addition to assessing perches, the study investigated the hens' interaction with pecking enrichments designed to stimulate natural pecking behavior. The team tested three types of gazing balls—reflective, non-reflective, and multi-coloured—to see which would hold the most interest for the birds. Initial observations indicated significant pecking engagement, particularly during the early lay phase, corroborating earlier beliefs that such enrichments could positively impact bird welfare. "We suggest platform perches and suspended gazing balls to be suitable environmental enrichments for commercial breeder housing," the authors concluded.
Dust bathing, another significant behavior for poultry, was evaluated by providing various substrates, including oat hulls and sawdust. Although many birds displayed a marked interest in the temporary dust baths, the authors noted that well-maintained litter in the housing already facilitated significant dust bathing on its own, rendering additional bath areas often unnecessary. This emphasizes the need for adaptable agricultural practices that can provide both functional habitats and fulfill behavioral needs for these breeds.
Overall, the introduction of visual or manipulable enrichments can significantly reduce boredom among poultry, promoting more natural behaviors as the environment becomes more complex and stimulating. The researchers emphasized the lack of existing evidence regarding the preferences and needs of broiler breeders, highlighting that an enhanced understanding would inform future welfare guidelines and regulations.
The insights gleaned from this research stand to inform future poultry industry practices, especially as European food companies promise to prioritize the welfare of broiler breeders in their sourcing commitments. By focusing on appropriate enrichment strategies that align with the unique behavioral requirements of broiler breeders, producers can enhance not only the welfare of these animals but potentially their productivity as well.
Ultimately, the study contributes to the growing body of literature that explores the importance of environmental enrichment in poultry farming—a vital aspect not just for animal welfare but also for improving the efficiency and sustainability of poultry production. The advancements made in this study offer a promising outlook for the future of chicken farming, advocating for environments that support the natural motivations and needs of broiler breeders and ensuring a more ethical poultry industry.
