A new gas leak monitoring system utilizing TDLAS technology has been developed for LNG tanker filling processes to prevent leakage accidents and improve safety.
Natural gas, recognized for its cleanliness and efficiency, has seen growing demand amid the global push for sustainable energy solutions. Yet, the transport and storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) involve inherent risks, particularly during the filling of tankers at LNG stations, where leaks can lead to catastrophic accidents.
A recent study has highlighted the dangers associated with LNG filling operations, focusing on the frequent leaks occurring during these processes. Researchers have analyzed the dynamics of LNG leakage and established a comprehensive monitoring system to mitigate these risks effectively.
During the LNG tanker filling process, sealing mechanisms within the equipment often fail under the prolonged exposure to low temperatures and high pressures, leading to leaks. Common forms of leakage identified include flange leakage, low-temperature rotary joint leakage, valve leakage, and cracks or defects within the pipeline. These issues can result from operational wear, environmental influences, or inadequate maintenance protocols.
The study utilized numerical simulations to understand the mechanics of gas diffusion following leaks of different sizes. It revealed significant findings: "When the equivalent leakage hole diameter is greater than 4 mm, the height of natural gas diffusion will exceed 5 m within 2 s without wind," according to the authors of the article.
One of the standout features of this research is the development of a gas leak monitoring system based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology. TDLAS is well-regarded for its high sensitivity and accuracy, allowing for real-time monitoring of gas concentrations at LNG filling stations. This system is pivotal for immediate detection of leaks, alerting personnel and enabling rapid responses to close valves and prevent gas from escaping.
The algorithm underlying the TDLAS monitoring system analyzes the surrounding atmospheric conditions to determine the dispersion patterns of leaked gas. Such technological advancements are integral for not only enhancing the safety of LNG transfer operations but also for aligning with regulatory standards aimed at reducing the environmental impact of gas leaks.
Real-time monitoring has become increasingly important as reliance on natural gas continues to rise. The study emphasizes, "Establishing a gas leak monitoring system at an LNG filling station can monitor the gas leakage in real time," affirming the significance of proactive safety measures.
The researchers also simulated various environmental conditions, including varying wind speeds, to observe the effects on gas dispersion. Findings indicated how wind influences the shape of gas clouds, bending their paths and affecting gas dilution. This knowledge is invaluable as it informs the strategic placement of monitoring sensors to maximize their effectiveness.
This innovative leak monitoring technology has potential applications beyond LNG filling stations. It may also influence designs across other sectors where gas filling and storage present safety hazards, ensuring more secure and efficient operations.
Concluding their findings, the researchers stated, "The monitoring system should be able to close the valve within a short time after the leak occurs to prevent the leak accident from spreading, highlighting the need for rapid response capabilities." This insight paves the way for future exploration of enhanced monitoring systems, making LNG use safer.
Considering these advancements, LNG filling stations are poised to implement stricter safety protocols, minimizing the risk of natural gas leaks and reinforcing safety for both personnel and the environment.