Millions of Muslims around the globe began observing Ramadan on March 1, 2025, marking the start of the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar and one of the most sacred periods within the Islamic faith. Ramadan is not just about fasting; it embodies spirituality, meditation, and strengthening community ties, rich with traditions and vibrant practices.
This year, Ramadan is expected to conclude with the celebration of Eid al-Fitr on March 29. Traditional practices during this month include fasting from dawn to sunset, praying, and reflecting on one’s faith to cultivate humility and compassion for the less fortunate. Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam, which guide the faith's practice and adherence.
Celebrations and customs vary by region, creating unique and enriching experiences for participants. For example, Egypt is known for its beautiful Ramadan lanterns, or 'Fawanees,' which illuminate homes, streets, and public spaces, symbolizing the light of faith throughout the holy month. Authorities in Egypt have ensured adequate supplies of goods during this festive season, with efforts to stabilize prices and maintain affordability.
Meanwhile, the situation in Gaza has changed, with many citizens returning home after the recent ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Local residents are hoping for lasting peace as they prepare for Ramadan. Mohammed Ashour, a resident of Gaza, shared: "This year feels more optimistic than last year. We have returned home under improved circumstances, even though many houses are destroyed." Amal Abu Sariyah echoed this sentiment, saying, "Last year, we faced the hardships of war during Ramadan, not only dealing with conflict but also forced relocations. We hope to see our circumstances improve soon and eliminate the suffering caused by war.
Indonesia, which hosts the largest Muslim population globally, with approximately 241 million followers, embraces diverse traditional activities during Ramadan. From vibrant torch parades, known as Tarhib Ramadan, to musical performances and visits to graves of ancestors to pray for their souls, these practices contribute to the rich cultural environment surrounding the observance of Ramadan.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called for global compassion and solidarity during this special time, urging the international community to work toward creating opportunities for peace and justice. He extended his heartfelt message to those facing hardship and violence, from Gaza to Sudan and across the Sahel region.
The significance of Ramadan extends beyond mere observance; it is intertwined with the history of Islam. The name Ramadan is derived from the Arabic root 'ar-ramad' meaning to burn or scorch, reflecting the historical connections to the scorching temperatures experienced during this period. It is believed the angel Gabriel revealed the Qur'an to the Prophet Muhammad during Ramadan, making fasting during this time particularly meaningful.
Fasting during Ramadan requires Muslims to abstain from food and drink from dawn until sunset, with exceptions for the elderly, ill, travelers, pregnant women, or those on their menstrual cycles. For Muslims, this act of fasting serves not only as physical discipline but also as mental preparation to develop patience, self-control, and compassion for the less fortunate.
Two major meals mark the days during Ramadan: Suhoor, the pre-dawn meal, and Iftar, the post-sunset meal. Suhoor helps provide the necessary energy for the day of fasting, whereas Iftar is often celebrated with family and friends, bringing people together to share joy and gratitude. During this month, Muslims also intensify their prayers and readings of the Qur'an, seeking to grow spiritually and develop closer connections to Allah.
Nightly prayers known as Tarawih take on special significance during Ramadan, providing opportunities for communal worship and reflection. After Ramadan, Muslims share Zakat al-Fitr, obligatory charity, to help those less fortunate to participate in the celebrations of Eid al-Fitr.
Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, is celebrated with gratitude and communal joy. It is the day when Muslims express their appreciation for the strength and resilience they demonstrated throughout the month. The festival fosters community bonds and emphasizes sharing and charity among individuals, reinforcing the importance of collective support and care.
Overall, Ramadan is not merely about abstaining from eating and drinking; it is about deepening one's spirituality and self-awareness, reflecting on one’s actions, and heightening empathy and compassion. Despite variations across cultural practices, the underlying spirit of Ramadan remains consistent. It is about reverence, sacrifice, and thankfulness.
With the Middle East still grappling with many challenges, Ramadan offers Muslims the chance to unite and pray fervently for peace and stability, honoring their faith's rich traditions as they seek solace and strength through shared experiences. The month encourages believers to raise their voices not only for personal reflection but for those experiencing suffering and hardship.