The prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD) among young children is not just common; it is widespread, affecting over two-thirds of infants and toddlers globally at some point during their diaper-wearing phase. A recent study conducted at Adama Hospital Medical College sheds light on the knowledge mothers possess about managing this pervasive condition, alongside identifying several associated factors influencing this knowledge.
The study, which surveyed 396 mothers coming for immunization services between August 1 and September 1, 2024, revealed compelling insights. A notable 84.6% of mothers reported having good knowledge of diaper dermatitis and its management practices. Despite this seemingly positive statistic, the study uncovered significant gaps, particularly concerning how to treat the condition, when to seek medical attention, and proper diapering practices.
Mothers identified family members and relatives as the primary source of their knowledge, with 35.4% citing these informal channels, followed closely by television advertisements (33.5%).
Diaper dermatitis is mainly caused by prolonged exposure of the skin to urine and feces, leading to inflammation and rash. Researchers have documented the impact of irritants like ammonia, found in urine, which can worsen the skin condition when coupled with fecal matter. The study found concerning trends, including the fact nearly two-thirds (65.4%) of the surveyed children had experienced diaper dermatitis within the last six months, yet only 23.6% of affected children sought healthcare services due to the rash.
Among the management practices, 37.1% of mothers reported using Vaseline, and 35.1% opted for baby powder as home treatments. Alarmingly, 83.6% used disposable diapers, changing them only 0-2 times per day, which could exacerbate the skin condition. With exposure to ammonia and friction from poorly timed diaper changes, the risk of diaper dermatitis increases significantly.
Analysis of the mother’s knowledge revealed some demographic factors of interest. The study identified relationships between knowledge of diaper dermatitis management and variables like the age and gender of the child and the mothers’ birth order experience. Specifically, mothers with children aged 7 to 12 months had over four times the likelihood of having good knowledge compared to those with older children. Similarly, mothers of male children were twice as likely to report good knowledge compared to those with female children. First-time mothers showed six times more likelihood of having sound knowledge than mothers with more than one child.
The research calls for structured educational programs aimed at informing mothers about diaper dermatitis, focusing on prevention, treatment, and when to seek medical help. "The study found...a significant number of them have no awareness of the diapering practice, how to treat DD..." said the researchers, indicating the urgent need for comprehensive health educational campaigns targeting mothers.
To address these issues, the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia is urged to prioritize diaper dermatitis awareness and establish programs to educate parents on managing such conditions effectively. The findings also encourage future studies to explore the long-term complications of diaper dermatitis and evaluate treatment products available on the market.
While many mothers report good knowledge of diaper dermatitis management, the study reconfirms the pressing need for improved and organized educational resources to alleviate the burden of diaper dermatitis on children’s health. Through informed mothers, we can hope for healthier outcomes for the littlest of patients.