Winter testing conditions have proven both challenging and enlightening for electric vehicles (EVs), as shown by the recent comprehensive range test conducted by ADAC, the German automobile club. The test evaluated 25 electric models on their capacity to endure cold weather, simulating a 582-kilometer trip from Munich to Berlin under realistic highway conditions. Strikingly, the winner of this rigourous examination was the luxurious Mercedes-Benz EQS 450+, noted for its impressive efficiency and range.
Conducted at the ADAC Test Laboratory, the winter range test included strict parameters with temperatures maintained at around zero degrees Celsius. The vehicles were subjected to pressurized conditions ancillary to real-world variables such as traffic, wind resistance, and incline adjustments, all remapped from actual driving data on the A9 route.
The EQS 450+ emerged as the sole model to cover the full distance without requiring any charging stops. It achieved this remarkable feat with just 18 kilometers remaining upon arrival, and at the same time registered the lowest energy consumption of 20.4 kWh per 100 kilometers. During the testing, it also showcased noteworthy rapid charging capabilities, gaining over 300 kilometers of range within just 20 minutes. Because of these outstanding metrics, the EQS 450+ was awarded the highest rating of 'very good' from testers.
But the accolades for long-range EVs did not end there. The Porsche Taycan and Lucid Air followed closely, securing the second and third spots for their commendable performances as well. Yet, all of these top contenders came with hefty price tags, underscoring the premium nature of high-performing EVs, with the EQS 450+ starting at around €109,550.
More affordable alternatives also showed substantial promise. The Volkswagen ID.7 and Tesla Model 3 managed to rank fourth and fifth, respectively. With entry prices of approximately €58,895 and €44,990, these models demonstrated their long-distance capabilities and efficient consumption even under winter conditions — proving they can bridge the gap for more cost-conscious consumers.
On the other hand, the test revealed significant drawbacks for several models. The MG 4, Peugeot e-3008, and Volvo EC40 performed poorly on range, suffering from energy consumption rates up to 50% higher than their counterparts. Their longer charging times exacerbated the difficulties faced during winter conditions, limiting their practicality for long-distance travel.
According to the ADAC, the results starkly showcased the vast discrepancies between manufacturers' advertised ranges and actual performance. Notably, 18 of the tested models consumed nearly 50% more energy than claimed, with some — like the MG 4 and Volvo EC40 — demonstrating energy consumption shifts of over 80% from expectations.
ADAC is calling on manufacturers to provide more realistic range data, especially under adverse conditions, rather than relying solely on standardized WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure) testing methods. This would empower prospective buyers to make informed decisions based on how vehicles are likely to perform during cold weather and extensive travels.
Experts agree on the importance of addressing these discrepancies. Professor Maximilian Fichtner from the Helmholtz Institute for Electrochemical Energy Storage highlighted innovations underway to improve battery technology, arguing for enhanced electrolytes to counteract the viscous behavior posed by extreme cold. Meanwhile, effective temperature management systems are currently the best solution to mitigate efficiency drops.
This winter range test not only illuminates the strong potential inherent within the world of electric mobility but also reinforces the important reality: prospective buyers should critically evaluate EV options based on real-world performance rather than optimistic marketing claims. With 15 million electric vehicles targeted on Germany's roads by 2030, balancing performance, efficiency, and affordability will be key to achieving this ambitious goal.
Overall, the ADAC's winter EV range test has sparked necessary discussions about the future of electric mobility, highlighting the significance of realistic performance metrics, greater innovation, and affordable options for consumers of all background interests.