Recent research suggests following the Mediterranean diet might lower the risk of contracting COVID-19. A systematic review examined data from over 55,000 individuals, linking adherence to this diet with infection rates.
The Mediterranean diet, known for its focus on plant foods, includes plenty of vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and oily fish like salmon and mackerel, all bathed generously in olive oil. Meat and moderate alcohol consumption may also be included but in smaller amounts.
Experts attribute the diet's potential protective effects against COVID-19 to its anti-inflammatory properties. "There have been numerous studies highlighting the association of COVID-19 with inflammation, and the Mediterranean diet is recognized for its anti-inflammatory benefits," said Andre Siahaan, the senior author of the review from the University of Sumatera Utara.
The study observed trends indicating participants who followed the Mediterranean diet had lower infection rates. Five of the six studies reviewed demonstrated reductions ranging from 5 to 25 percent for those adhering closely to this diet compared to those whose eating patterns deviated.
One important takeaway is the role of inflammation; the review links higher levels of inflammation to increased severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet corresponds to lower levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, indicating its potential to manage inflammatory responses.
Interestingly, specific COVID-19 symptoms may also be reduced through this diet. Some studies suggested those who adhered to the Mediterranean diet faced significantly lower chances of experiencing breathing difficulties or fever.
While these findings are promising, the review did come with limitations. Researchers noted they didn't perform their meta-analysis but instead reported findings from previously published data, which can affect the robustness of conclusions drawn.
Nevertheless, adopting such dietary habits could offer dual benefits: not only might it lower COVID-19 risk, but it’s also beneficial for overall health. "The Mediterranean diet is widely regarded as one of the healthiest eating patterns," asserts Dr. Siahaan.
This diet provides numerous nutrients associated with immune support, including polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, which have antioxidant properties. Research suggests people who consume these nutrients typically exhibit lower inflammation levels.
The review concluded with few assertions about the dietary relationship with severe COVID-19 cases. While there is some evidence linking adherence to the diet with reduced symptom severity, much is still to be explored.
Another important aspect is the Mediterranean diet's focus on sustainability. This kind of mindful eating may also help prevent other chronic diseases, alongside bolstering immune health.
Researchers call for more studies to comprehend the exact relationship between diet and COVID-19 fully. They noted all data was observational, collecting self-reported food questionnaires, which may lack reliability.
Dr. Christos Mantzoros, who wasn't involved with the review, expanded on this, asserting the potential of plant-based diets to prevent both infections and severe cases of COVID-19. He strongly advocates for integrating more of these diet habits considering the promising evidence.
Therefore, incorporating Mediterranean dietary practices could be more than just beneficial for health—it's potentially strategic against COVID-19 risks. Transitioning to this dietary pattern is seen as both wise and healthy.
