Manmohan Singh, India’s 14th Prime Minister and a key figure behind the nation’s economic reforms, passed away at the age of 92 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) on Thursday evening. Singh, who had been suffering from age-related health issues, leaves behind a complex legacy marked by remarkable growth and transformative policies during his tenure as Prime Minister from 2004 to 2014.
Regarded as the architect of India's economic liberalization, Singh’s leadership facilitated one of the highest periods of economic growth, increasing the nation’s economy to nearly $2 trillion. This era witnessed significant reforms and the flourishing of various welfare rights such as the Right to Food, Right to Education, Right to Work, and Right to Information, which collectively ushered India toward inclusive growth.
Singh first entered the spotlight during his historic Budget speech as Finance Minister under Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao's government in July 1991. This address is often credited with laying the groundwork for sweeping reforms, boldly stating, “No power on earth can stop an idea whose time has come. I suggest to this august House... the emergence of India as a major economic power.
Born on September 26, 1932, Singh hailed from Gah, West Punjab, now Pakistan. His family fled to India during the Partition, shaping the formative years of his life. He pursued higher education, earning his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees at Panjab University, followed by the Economic Tripos at Cambridge University and eventually securing a D.Phil at Oxford University, showcasing his dedication to economics from the beginning of his career.
Before entering politics, Singh held various notable positions, including Economic Advisor to the Commerce Ministry, Chief Economic Advisor, and Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. His return to politics saw him serving as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission and later, as Leader of the Opposition from 1998 to 2004. It was after the Congress-led coalition's electoral win in 2004, where Singh surprised many by being chosen as the Prime Minister, albeit viewed initially as more of a technocrat than politician.
Throughout his tenure, economic indicators showed promising signs. The economy grew significantly, allowing the UPA government to retain power after the 2009 elections, where Singh's leadership was praised and recognized globally, with US President Barack Obama even referring to him as his “guru.” Singh’s administration was notable for tackling challenges and delivering sustained growth, ever mindful of the socio-economic disparities across the population.
Singh's political career was not without its challenges. He faced criticisms over allegations of corruption and policy paralysis during his second term, which overshadowed many of his achievements. Nonetheless, his commitment to transparency and governance laid the groundwork for future leaders.
Tributes poured in after Singh’s passing. Odisha's Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi expressed his deep sorrow and acknowledged Singh’s integral role in shaping India's economic policies. “Manmohan Singh was not only our former Prime Minister but also a visionary who transformed India's economic fabric,” Majhi stated.
Singh’s accolades tell the story of his impact: he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, recognized as Finance Minister of the Year by EuroMoney and AsiaMoney. These accolades reflect not only his capabilities but also the respect he commanded as an economic leader.
Remembered for his humility, hardworking nature, and soft-spoken demeanor, Singh’s legacy extends beyond his economic framework. He is also acknowledged for inspiring countless individuals across various sectors, maintaining dignified principles throughout his life.
With numerous educational and economic institutions calling out for policy inspiration from him, Singh’s passing signals not just the loss of one leader, but the end of a transformative chapter for India. His family and friends mourn the loss of their beloved patriarch, but they also celebrate his extraordinary contributions to the nation.
