On February 2, 2025, at 5:30 PM Japan time, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the H3 rocket 5, successfully deploying the Michibiki 6 navigation satellite from the Tsukuba Space Center in Kagoshima Prefecture. This launch marks a significant step for Japan as it moves toward establishing its own independent satellite positioning system.
The Michibiki 6 satellite is part of Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), which aims to provide high precision positioning services compatible with the American Global Positioning System (GPS). With this successful launch, Japan is now transitioning from four operational satellites to seven, paving the way for the enhancement of positioning accuracy without reliance on foreign systems.
JAXA confirmed the successful deployment of Michibiki 6 shortly after the launch, which occurred without complications. The satellite was separated from the rocket at the designated time, reaching its intended orbit approximately 30 minutes post-launch. JAXA stated, "With the launch of Michibiki 6, Japan moves closer to achieving independent high-precision positioning." This new addition to the QZSS will significantly impact various service sectors, including smartphones and navigation tools.
The current system utilizes four satellites, but the Japanese government plans to expand this to seven to improve positioning accuracy and make it sustainable without relying on GPS or other foreign satellite systems. By 2025, two additional satellites are planned for launch, which will complete the intended seven-satellite constellation. "With the addition of three satellites, the aim is to establish a seven-satellite system for permanent positioning without relying on foreign systems," JAXA reported.
One notable improvement of the Michibiki 6 satellite is the inclusion of advanced technology. The satellite is equipped with antennas capable of measuring distances between satellites, which allows for more accurate positioning and correction of errors. This capability is expected to significantly reduce position information errors from the current range of 5 to 10 meters down to approximately 1 meter, provided future satellites also utilize this technology.
This milestone is not just about numbers; it reflects Japan's growing ambitions to develop its own space technology and independence. Currently, the system relies on international satellites for precise location data, but the new Michibiki system aims to empower Japan to guide itself.
The H3 rocket's launch demonstrates technical progress and preparedness by JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, showcasing the nation's capabilities to develop and execute complex space missions successfully. Over the last few years, the H3 rocket has shown promising performance, and this success marks the fourth consecutive successful launch of the H3 series, enhancing Japan’s reputation as a key player in the global space exploration arena.
Following the launch, JAXA will closely monitor Michibiki 6 over its projected operational lifespan and provide updates on its performance. The satellite is expected to reach its stationary orbit approximately 36,000 kilometers from Earth after about two weeks of checks, with operational positioning services set to commence roughly six months thereafter.
This launch exemplifies not only Japan's commitment to improving its satellite navigation capabilities but also highlights the strengthening of Japan's overall technological foundation. It serves as both inspiration and foundation for future projects aiming to advance the nation’s strategic interests through space.
With ambitions to eventually operate up to 11 satellites for added reliability and backup, the Michibiki project is poised to establish Japan firmly on the map of global satellite navigation systems.