Every year on May 1, the world observes International Labour Day, also known as International Workers’ Day, to recognize and honour the contributions of workers across all sectors. More than just a celebration, the day underscores the importance of workers’ rights, fair labour practices, and the need for safe and equitable workplaces. In 2025, the observance is particularly significant as it overlaps with efforts to enhance labour protections globally amid modern workplace challenges like automation and informal employment.
International Labour Day 2025 will be celebrated worldwide on Thursday, 1st May 2025. Dedicated to recognising the efforts, sacrifices, and achievements of the global workforce, this day serves as a powerful reminder of the historic struggles that shaped the rights and protections workers enjoy today.
The roots of International Labour Day lie in the late 19th-century labour movement in the United States. On May 1, 1886, thousands of American workers began a nationwide strike demanding an eight-hour workday. The movement reached a tragic peak during the Haymarket Affair in Chicago, where a bomb blast led to the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians. In 1889, the Second International declared May 1 as International Workers’ Day to commemorate this historic struggle.
In India, Labour Day was first celebrated in 1923 in Chennai (then Madras) by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan, led by Comrade Singaravelu Chettiar. The red flag symbolizing labour rights was used for the first time in this event. The day also coincides with Maharashtra Day and Gujarat Day, which mark the formation of these states in 1960.
Despite originating in the US, Labour Day is not observed on May 1 in the United States and Canada—they celebrate it on the first Monday of September. Over 80 countries officially observe Labour Day on May 1. Canada’s first Labour Day celebration took place in 1872, predating the US observance. The colour red is globally associated with labour movements and is often used in rallies and events.
India’s labour law framework has undergone major consolidation in recent years. The Four Labour Codes are:
- Code on Wages, 2019 – Regulates minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus, and equal remuneration.
- Industrial Relations Code, 2020 – Deals with trade unions, strikes, and worker-employer dispute resolution.
- Social Security Code, 2020 – Covers PF, ESI, maternity benefits, gratuity, and gig worker welfare.
- Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 – Ensures workplace safety, health standards, and working hours.
Constitutional and legal provisions for labour rights in India include:
- Article 23 & 24: Prohibit forced labour and child labour.
- Article 39: Advocates for equal pay for equal work.
- Article 41 & 43: Right to work, secure employment, and living wage.
India has ratified key ILO conventions, including Convention 138 (Minimum Age) and Convention 182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour). Key labour rights in India encompass the right to fair wages, safe working conditions, the ability to form and join trade unions, access to social security benefits, and protection against workplace discrimination.
Major government initiatives include:
- e-Shram Portal: A national database for unorganised workers.
- PM Shram Yogi Maandhan Yojana: A pension scheme for informal workers.
- MGNREGA: Provides 100 days of wage employment to rural households.
- National Career Service (NCS): A platform for job seekers and employers.
The significance of Labour Day 2025 lies in its reinforcement of workers’ rights, celebration of past achievements, global solidarity, highlighting new challenges like automation and the gig economy, and encouraging reforms for effective enforcement of new labour codes.
In a fitting tribute to construction workers, Sugee Group has launched a heartfelt song sung by acclaimed artist Vishal Dadlani, dedicated to those who form the backbone of their projects. Nitin Salunkhe, Co-Founder & Partner of Sugee Group, expressed that their core promise of on-time delivery would not be possible without the relentless dedication of their construction workers. Dadlani emphasized the emotional weight of the song, which incorporates sounds from construction sites, making it deeply personal and relatable.
As May 1 approaches, it’s essential to note that this day is also a public holiday in various parts of India, including states like Maharashtra and Gujarat. According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines, banks in these states will remain closed, impacting banking tasks for many. Despite the closure, modern banking services like ATMs and online transactions will remain unaffected.
International Workers' Day serves to acknowledge the social and economic contributions of workers and draw attention to the continuing fight for workers' rights and fair labour conditions globally. Celebrations typically include marches and rallies supporting workers’ causes, educational seminars on labour laws and rights, and community programs.
As we celebrate this special day, let’s appreciate the unsung heroes whose work often goes unnoticed but never unvalued. May Labour Day 2025 be a reminder of the pride and power in every worker’s contribution, urging us all to stand in solidarity and renew our commitment to fairness, safety, and respect for all.
With heartfelt messages and wishes circulating on social media, people are encouraged to express gratitude and recognition for every worker's role in shaping a better, stronger, and more equitable future. Happy Labour Day!
