Researchers have developed a modified slag-based geopolymer utilizing moringa seed powder to effectively remove crystal violet (CV) dye from wastewater, addressing environmental concerns related to this non-biodegradable dye.
Crystal violet is commonly used as a dye in textiles and paints, but its persistence and toxicity make it challenging to manage. This innovative approach incorporates agricultural waste, enhancing both environmental remediation and the mechanical properties of the geopolymer.
The research involved creating three geopolymer mixes (SM1, SM2, and SM3) by adding 0.2%, 0.6%, and 1% moringa seed powder (MSP) by weight to ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Sodium silicate and 10 M sodium hydroxide served as alkali activators, facilitating the geopolymerization process. Of the mixes, SM1, which contained 0.2% MSP, demonstrated the highest compressive strength of 73 MPa after 180 days, marking a 25.8% improvement compared to the control mix containing 100% slag.
Notably, the SM3 mix achieved significant adsorption capabilities, with a capacity of up to 322.58 mg/g for CV dye. This uplifted efficiency is attributed to the interaction between moringa seed powder and the geopolymer matrix, leading to improved structural integrity and porous characteristics ideal for dye adsorption.
Moringa oleifera, known for its high nutrient content, particularly oleic acid (84%), has been identified as a natural and eco-friendly biosorbent. The research indicates its potential benefits for water treatment applications, particularly concerning toxic and non-biodegradable substances such as crystal violet.
The optimal conditions for dye adsorption were also determined, identifying pH 8, contact time of 30 minutes, adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 10 mg/L as key parameters for maximizing efficiency.
This study not only highlights the effectiveness of using industrial and agricultural waste to combat water pollution but also emphasizes the advancements made within geopolymer technology aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability. The findings suggest promising routes for future research, particularly focused on the scalability of these eco-friendly geopolymers for use within the wastewater treatment industry.
The research findings serve as evidence for how integrating agricultural waste products can lead to effective solutions for environmental challenges, showcasing the dual benefits of resource recycling and pollution reduction. With stricter environmental regulations and increasing concerns around water quality, the application of such innovative geopolymers may provide significant contributions to sustainable water treatment practices.