SpaceX, the American aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, is set to launch India's GSAT-20 communication satellite, marking a significant step for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as it relies on external partners to complete its launch mission. This collaboration, expected to take place from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on November 19, 2024, highlights the complex relations within the global space industry.
The GSAT-20, with a weight of 4,700 kg, is too heavy for ISRO's own launch vehicles, particularly the LVM-3, which can only manage 4,000 kg. This shortfall pushes ISRO to seek alternatives. Since previous partnerships with European providers like Arianespace are hampered by their lack of available rockets, and geopolitical tensions with Russia and China limit options, SpaceX emerged as the go-to option for India.
The satellite is crafted to improve India's communication network, especially for regions with limited connectivity. Equipped with high-throughput capabilities and 32 user beams, including eight narrow spot beams and 24 wide spot beams, it promises to provide extensive communication services. Beyond enhancing internet accessibility, it is also expected to support inflight connectivity—something that's gaining traction with recent regulatory changes.
Radhakrishnan Durairaj, Chairman and Managing Director of New Space India Ltd (NSIL)—the commercial arm of ISRO—expressed satisfaction with the deal, estimating the launch cost to be around $60 to $70 million. This collaboration marks the first commercial effort between ISRO and SpaceX, setting the stage for potential future projects as both organizations explore the vast possibilities within space exploration.
With the GSAT-20, India aims to fortify its satellite technology capabilities and maintain relevancy on the global stage. This launch not only signifies strengthening commercial agreements but is also seen as part of the broader efforts between ISRO and SpaceX to push forward human spaceflight missions. For example, SpaceX is indirectly assisting India by supporting astronaut training for missions to the International Space Station.
Despite the increasing reliance on international firms, the strategic significance of this launch cannot be understated. It lays the groundwork for future collaboration between ISRO and SpaceX, reflecting broader trends and challenges faced by national space agencies as they navigate the competitive environment of space exploration.
This launch, and others to follow, will likely chart the way for India’s aspirations within the orbital marketplace.
