South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol has made history as the country’s first sitting president to be arrested, igniting widespread political turmoil and public outcry. This unprecedented move follows allegations of insurrection stemming from Yoon’s controversial martial law declaration earlier this month.
On January 3, 2025, law enforcement agents and anti-corruption investigators launched their second attempt to detain Yoon at his residence in central Seoul. The operation turned dramatic as nearly 1,000 officers breached barricades to execute the arrest warrant, which had been deemed lawful by the courts.
The Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO) has been investigating Yoon’s December 3 declaration, which he justified as necessary to combat “anti-state” forces amid growing opposition within the parliamentary system. This declaration, made under extraordinary circumstances, was only enforced for around six hours before the National Assembly swiftly overruled it.
The turmoil began when Yoon requested martial law, reportedly to stem political opposition. His imposition resulted in hundreds of troops being dispatched to parliament, but violence was largely avoided as lawmakers—including many of Yoon’s critics—pushed back against his decree. Public protests erupted, with citizens divided on their support for Yoon.
Just days after the parliamentary move to overturn his martial law initiative, on December 14, Yoon was impeached. The fifth-grade lawmaker and leader of the People Power Party criticized Yoon’s actions, asserting they were unconstitutional. His impeachment led to his suspension from office, pending the Constitutional Court’s ruling on whether his removal would be permanent.
Yoon’s defense contends the arrest was invalid, emphasizing the procedural missteps and declaring the investigation illegal. "I decided to appear before the CIO, even though it is an illegal investigation, to prevent any unsavoury bloodshed," Yoon stated before being taken away, expressing indignation over the authorities breaking through his security measures.
The arrest itself unfolded on Wednesday, when officials utilized ladders and bolt cutters to navigate the barriers established by Yoon’s security personnel. The situation was tense, with officers initially confronted by Yoon's supporters. After several hours of confrontation, Yoon was eventually detained after he agreed to comply with the arrest warrant.
He was held for questioning at the CIO’s office late Wednesday and later transferred to the Seoul Detention Centre, about five kilometers from the capital. Pro-Yoon groups gathered outside, expressing outrage at the situation, with some celebrating the arrest as justice served.
Reflecting on the broader ramifications, the opposition Democratic Party welcomed the arrest as indicative of South Korea’s commitment to rule of law. Party floor leader Park Chan-dae remarked, “This shows justice in South Korea is alive.” Political analysts have noted the rising polarization within South Korean society, exemplified by the starkly contrasting reactions to Yoon’s arrest.
Yoon’s precarious political status deepened following his unprecedented martial law move, which has triggered nationwide calls for accountability. Tens of thousands have voiced their opinions on the streets either in support of or opposition to Yoon, mirroring the fractured nature of contemporary South Korean politics.
Legal experts warn of the uncertainties looming as the Constitutional Court prepares to hear Yoon's impeachment case. While the Grove maintains constitutional protections for sitting presidents, the legality surrounding Yoon’s actions has opened new political divides. He stands to face serious consequences if convicted, including life imprisonment or even the death penalty should the courts affirm the rebellion charges.
Among the noteworthy developments, Kim Yong-hyun, Yoon’s former defense minister and mastermind behind the controversial martial law declaration, has been arrested and indicted on charges of insurrection and abuse of power. His case highlights the extensive network of scrutiny around Yoon’s inner circle.
The current political atmosphere has led to another shift within the executive, with Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok stepping in as acting president following the successive impeachments of Yoon and former Prime Minister Han Duck-soo.
Although the CIO has until Friday to question Yoon under the current warrant, it is imperative they secure additional consent if they wish to hold him for extended periods for the continuation of their investigation.
The scene outside Yoon's residence coupled with the dynamics of protests paints the picture of intense national sentiment toward governance and justice. With themes of loyalty, legality, and political agency playing out across the streets of Seoul, South Koreans brace for continued developments amid uncertainty over their leadership.
Observers expect the constitutional court’s imminent decision will gravely influence the political direction of South Korea, amid rampant speculation surrounding whether Yoon’s presidency can survive this unprecedented crisis. Meanwhile, calls for justice and democracy permeate through the array of political responses, reflecting the deep-seated divisions plaguing the nation.