Recent advancements have led to the development of a high-performance all-optical 4 × 2 encoder based on graphene-plasmonic waveguides, promising improved efficiency for telecommunications.
The study presents a 4 × 2 optical encoder utilizing graphene-plasmonic waveguides, demonstrating low cross-talk (CT), high extinction ratio (ER), and ultra-compact size. The research is conducted by S. Kanwal, M. R. Saeed, F. K. AL-Shammri, and M. H. Rezaei, affiliated with various institutions involved in advanced material studies. The article was published on January 31, 2025.
The research is conducted using theoretical models and simulations, likely posted from academic institutions focusing on material science and photonics. The urgency arises from the need for improved optical devices with high performance and minimal signal loss to support advanced communication technology.
The methods employed include three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations to analyze the encoder's waveguiding properties and functional performance. The encoder achieves minimal extinction ratio (ERmin) of 19 dB at 10 μm, insertion loss (IL) of -1.31 dB, and cross-talk (CT) of -21.3 dB.
According to the authors of the article, "The encoder shows promise for various communication and signal processing applications due to its exceptional waveguiding features and low CT values." They also highlight, "Its ultra-compact structure with only 4.25 μm² footprint marks it as superior to previous designs."
This new encoder design leverages the extraordinary properties of graphene, as it significantly enhances device miniaturization without sacrificing performance. By stimulating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) between the graphene layer and the silicon strip, the encoder can manage input signals with remarkable efficiency.
Overall, the research signifies a noticeable progression toward ultra-compact and efficient optical devices, providing solutions capable of operating effectively within the growing demand of high-speed telecommunications infrastructure.