As Good Friday approaches on April 18, 2025, Catholics around the world prepare to observe a day steeped in tradition and reflection. This day, known as Sexta-feira Santa in Portuguese, is not merely a holiday but a significant moment for Christians to remember the crucifixion and death of Jesus Christ, an event that is central to their faith.
Traditionally, Good Friday is marked by the abstinence from meat, a practice that many believe is linked to the idea of compassion and reflection rather than the misconception that it relates directly to the "body of Christ." According to Father Anderson Batista Monteiro, a theology professor at PUC-Rio, the abstinence from meat serves as an incentive for the faithful to engage in acts of charity. He explains, "The abstinence is a call to practice charity, as meat has historically been an expensive food. By refraining from it, believers are encouraged to help those in need."
This year, many will replace meat with fish, a tradition that has deep roots in Christian history. Padre Miguel Lisboa Aguiar Marcondes from the Parish of Santo Antônio de Lisboa notes that the practice of substituting fish for meat on Good Friday stems from a desire to draw closer to God. He states, "It’s an abstinence that helps people control their desires, allowing them to focus more on their spiritual connection. The idea is to give up something that occupies their time and attention to truly engage with God."
Interestingly, the cost of fish has risen significantly in recent years. A survey by Scanntech revealed that in 2024, cod and other fish species were 36% and 15% more expensive, respectively. This shift in pricing highlights a contrast to historical practices, where fish was once a more affordable option compared to meat. Father Miguel elaborates, "In the time of Jesus, fish was more accessible than meat, which was a luxury for the wealthy. Today, the situation has flipped, making fish a costly alternative during Lent and Easter."
Furthermore, the practice of fasting is not intended to impose a strict dietary requirement on Christians. Father Miguel emphasizes that the goal is not merely to switch from meat to fish but to engage in a broader act of self-denial. He says, "Fasting does not mean 'don’t eat meat and switch to fish.' It’s essential to understand that the focus should be on the act of fasting itself, which can include other options like eggs or even a simple omelet for those who cannot afford fish."
Good Friday rituals also include prayer, silence, and reflection. Father Monteiro advises that the day should not be viewed as an opportunity for a feast of fish, but rather as a time for spiritual introspection. "It’s a day for the body to pray and eat little," he asserts, reminding the faithful that the essence of the day lies in its spiritual significance, not in culinary indulgence.
As part of the Holy Week observances, Good Friday is preceded by Palm Sunday, which commemorates Jesus' triumphant entry into Jerusalem, and Holy Thursday, which marks the Last Supper where Jesus washed the feet of his disciples. The sequence of these events illustrates the culmination of Jesus' earthly ministry, leading to his crucifixion on Good Friday and ultimately, his resurrection on Easter Sunday.
The Holy Week, or Semana Santa, was established by early Christians to commemorate the last steps of Jesus on Earth. Initially, these events were celebrated collectively on Sundays. However, by the fourth century, Christians in Jerusalem began to observe them separately, leading to the traditions we recognize today. The timing of Good Friday is determined by the first Friday following the first full moon after the spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, which can fall between March 22 and April 25.
For many Christians, Good Friday is not just about abstaining from certain foods; it is a profound day of sacrifice and remembrance. The rituals associated with this day often include reenactments of Jesus’ final moments, such as his trial, crucifixion, and resurrection, which are depicted in various Passion plays across the globe. These performances serve as a powerful reminder of the suffering Christ endured for humanity's salvation.
As the day approaches, many are reminded that it is not merely a holiday or a time for leisure but a sacred occasion to reflect on the core tenets of their faith. Father Miguel emphasizes, "Easter is not just a time for travel or holiday celebrations; it is a period to renew our faith and remember the hope that God offers through the sacrifice of His Son."
In conclusion, Good Friday, observed on April 18, 2025, serves as a poignant reminder of the significance of sacrifice, reflection, and charity in the Christian faith. As Catholics around the world prepare for this solemn day, they are called not only to abstain from meat but to engage in deeper spiritual practices that connect them to their faith and to one another.
