On May 8, 2025, Germany’s newly elected Chancellor Friedrich Merz made a significant diplomatic move by visiting Poland on his first full day in office. This visit marked a pivotal moment in Polish-German relations, as both leaders sought to establish a fresh dialogue on security, immigration, and infrastructure investment.
During a joint press conference with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, Merz emphasized the importance of a close partnership between Germany and Poland, stating, "In the heart of Europe, a close German-Polish partnership must be a matter of course. We are working on this with all our strength!" This sentiment echoed Tusk's declaration of a "new beginning in Polish-German relations," highlighting the leaders' mutual desire to strengthen ties between the two nations.
The discussions between Merz and Tusk covered several critical topics, including the bolstering of security through the extension of German Patriot missile systems in Poland. Tusk proposed extending the presence of these missile batteries, which were initially deployed to safeguard the airport in Rzeszów, a crucial hub for military logistics related to Ukraine.
“Russia remains the greatest threat to our security and transatlantic relations,” Merz asserted, acknowledging Poland's unique vulnerability as a neighbor to both Russia and Belarus. He praised Poland's efforts in protecting its eastern border and its significant contributions to NATO's collective defense.
However, the issue of war reparations from Germany for wartime destruction remained a sensitive topic. While Merz reiterated the German stance that the matter is "legally closed," Tusk acknowledged Poland's historical grievances but stated that his administration would not pursue reparations. “Did Germany ever compensate for the losses, the tragedy of World War Two in Poland? No, of course not,” Tusk remarked, yet emphasized his focus on building a secure future rather than dwelling on the past.
Polling data indicates a divide in public opinion on reparations, with 58% of Poles favoring the pursuit of reparations, while only 20% oppose it. This discrepancy underscores the complex historical relationship between the two nations.
In addition to security and reparations, the leaders discussed the pressing issue of illegal immigration, particularly as it relates to the ongoing crisis instigated by Russia and Belarus. Tusk pointed out that Poland has taken on the entire burden of protecting its eastern border from irregular migration, a situation that has strained resources and highlighted the need for a unified European response.
“We expect not only understanding but full support in these tasks,” Tusk stated, referencing Poland's opposition to Germany's 2023 decision to implement border controls aimed at curbing illegal entries. Merz acknowledged that irregular migration is a shared European problem, emphasizing Germany's commitment to better protect the EU's external borders.
On the infrastructure front, both leaders expressed support for enhanced connectivity between Poland and Germany, particularly through high-speed rail connections. Tusk articulated the vision of making travel between Warsaw, Berlin, and Paris significantly easier and faster. “I am glad that five minutes was enough for us today to tell each other that high-speed rail should connect our countries,” he said.
Merz concurred, stating that the coalition agreement included plans to expand infrastructure to the east, aiming to establish fast train routes to Szczecin, Poznań, and Warsaw, akin to those connecting other major European cities. He noted, “In our coalition agreement, we agreed that we will expand the infrastructure to the east in the same way as to the west.”
This visit comes at a time of heightened security concerns in Europe, particularly with the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and the implications it has for regional stability. Merz's trip to Poland followed a visit to Paris, underscoring the importance of collaboration among key European nations in addressing these challenges.
As the two leaders concluded their meeting, the atmosphere suggested a cautious optimism for the future of Polish-German relations. Both Merz and Tusk recognized that the success of their partnership could have broader implications for European unity and security.
In a broader context, Merz's administration is also facing challenges at home, including tightening border security across Germany. Following instructions from new Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt, police have increased their presence at Germany's borders, particularly with Austria and the Czech Republic, to combat illegal migration.
As part of a wider strategy, Dobrindt announced plans to turn back some asylum seekers at the borders, a move that has drawn mixed reactions within Germany and from neighboring countries. Austria has called on Germany to respect EU border laws, emphasizing the importance of adhering to established regulations while addressing the pressing issue of migration.
On the same day, Germany and Europe commemorated Victory in Europe Day (VE Day), marking the end of World War II. This year's observances were particularly poignant, given the historical context of Merz's visit to Poland and the ongoing discussions about the legacy of the war.
In Berlin, Merz participated in a wreath-laying ceremony, honoring the sacrifices made during the war. He was joined by Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, who emphasized the need for Germany to remember its past while focusing on a peaceful and cooperative future in Europe. “Hardly any day has shaped our history as much as May 8, 1945,” Wadephul remarked, highlighting the ongoing responsibility Germany bears in promoting peace and freedom.
As the political landscape in Germany shifts with Merz at the helm, observers will be watching closely to see how his administration navigates complex issues such as immigration, security, and historical reconciliation with its neighbors. The outcomes of these discussions could set the tone for Germany's role in Europe moving forward, particularly in light of the challenges posed by Russia and the evolving dynamics within the EU.
