The German Bundestag held its final legislative session on January 31, 2025, during which key laws were passed amid fierce political debates and public scrutiny. The session was marked by the passage of the amended sixth law aimed at improving the rehabilitation rights of former victims of the German Democratic Republic (DDR), the extension of military operations against threats to international shipping, and the contentious migration law supported by right-leaning political factions.
During this late-night session, the AfD (Alternative for Germany) saw the approval of the revised rehabilitation law, which eliminates the need for means testing and increases pensions for affected individuals from €330 to €400. Götz Frömming, the culture political spokesperson and parliamentary manager for the AfD, expressed delight at this milestone, stating, "We are very pleased for the German patriots who were unjustly persecuted by the DDR regime and the Soviet occupiers. Finally, their suffering and resistance will be recognized with an honor pension, regardless of their economic situation.” He lamented why it took so long to arrive at this point, remarking, “Why has it taken over 35 years? Was it only necessary for the AfD to push for these decisions to materialize?"
Simultaneously, political tensions escalated over the proposed migration law, which the Union party aimed to pass with support from the AfD. Christian Dürr, vice chairman of the FDP (Free Democratic Party), noted the failed compromise attempts with the SPD (Social Democratic Party) and the Greens, who opposed any significant changes to their migration policies. "Our offer to the SPD was rejected. They want no change to migration policy. Therefore, we will now proceed to vote," Dürr quoted, as reported by Spiegel.
The lead-up to the vote was rife with discussions among party leaders, with CDU/CSU chief Friedrich Merz urging for immediate action. Merz defended the migration law, emphasizing the necessity for decisive action to address what he termed 'pressing needs' among the populace.
Contrary to Merz's assertions, SPD leaders urged caution, fearing the legislation could lead to extreme right-wing cooperation. Rolf Mützenich, the SPD faction leader, warned, "We must reinforce our barriers against this descent," referring to potential collaboration with the AfD. Minister Annalena Baerbock from the Greens echoed these sentiments, urging parties not to support the migration bill alongside the AfD, stating, "Do the right thing!"
This migration legislation, which would legally bind future immigration restrictions, drew widespread public outcry, with protests erupting throughout major German cities. Thousands took to the streets, voicing their opposition to the perceived normalization of far-right ideologies. Holocaust survivor Eva Umlauf implored Merz not to proceed with aligning with the AfD, stating, “Don’t do it, Mr. Merz!”
The session also involved Germany's military engagement under the EU's operation EUNAVFOR, aimed at safeguarding shipping routes endangered by the Houthi militia. This operation was reinforced by the Bundestag’s approval on January 30, allowing Germany to continue its military presence, which has become increasingly important amid persistent threats to maritime security.
Germany’s decision to actively participate was underscored by the urgency brought about by recent Houthi attacks, which have jeopardized safety along one of the world's key sea routes, affecting global trade and raising economic concerns. With many shipping companies avoiding the Red Sea route due to these threats, the Bundestag's approval is seen as necessary for economic interests and regional security.
Following delays and intense debates, the session concluded with the successful passing of several bills, emphasizing mutual cooperation between former ruling factions and the recognition of the military's role. The new provisions for military members focused on enhancing their operational readiness and improving conditions for personnel both at home and abroad. The defense committee lauded the collaborative effort, with Florian Hahn, the CDU/CSU’s defense policy spokesperson, noting, “This collective effort underlines the significance of our armed forces.”
Despite the legislative successes, critics voiced concerns about the direction the parties are taking, especially as they near the February 2025 elections. The interplay between the rise of the AfD and traditional parties signals potential shifts within German politics, drawing parallels with situations observed in neighboring countries.
Prominent cultural figures and activists continue to vocalize their dissent against the perceived co-alignment with extremist ideologies, making it clear the battle over Germany's political identity is far from over. With former Chancellor Angela Merkel's admonition to her party about avoiding collaboration with the AfD echoing the sentiments of many, the outcome of the Bundestag’s final session hints at the turbulent waters the German political scene must navigate as it approaches the polls.
Across the spectrum, the unity and dissent among parties concerning these key legislative actions exemplify the challenges facing Germany’s democracy today. The decisions made during this session could shape the future of its political relationships and the public’s trust moving forward.