A comprehensive genetic diversity analysis of Phyllanthus acidus (star gooseberry) accessions from north-east India was conducted using multivariate techniques to identify superior traits for breeding purposes.
The study, conducted by researchers at Mizoram University, focused on assessing genetic variability among 20 accessions of Phyllanthus acidus, employing physico-biochemical attributes, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis to identify elite types. The research unfolded during the years 2020-2021 and took place across five districts of Manipur, enriching the existing literature on this significant plant.
The rationale for this work arose from the recognition of Phyllanthus acidus' medicinal properties, alongside the need to address systematic research gaps. The lack of commercial cultivation has led to broad variability among Phyllanthus acidus populations, markings as both a challenge and opportunity.
Through field surveys and the careful collection of samples, the researchers measured various morphological and biochemical parameters. These actions were followed by rigorous statistical analyses, including PCA, to obtain insights on the genetic diversity present among the gathered accessions.
Significantly, the PCA revealed 86.66% of cumulative variance contribution rate across the initial five principal components extracted, illustrating the varied characteristics of the fruit and plant attributes. The accretion of data allowed for positive and negative correlations to emerge, which were predominantly observed among fruit quality attributes.
The cluster analysis conducted using Wards method organized the accessions based on genetic similarities, effectively clustering them and highlighting the diversity within some populations. A pressing realization from the study was the identification of seven elite accessions (PAS-14, PAS-9, PAS-6, PAS-1, PAS-20, PAS-3, PAS-18) with remarkable characteristics ideal for breeding practices. This finding bears considerable significance for horticulturists aiming to develop new superior cultivars.
Overall, the current research articulates the importance of exploring genetic variability for sustainable breeding programs and equipping breeders with knowledge necessary for conservation. Producing cultivars enriched with desirable traits not only improves market potential but also supports biodiversity efforts regionally.
Concluding, the findings of this investigation serve as foundational knowledge for future studies on Phyllanthus acidus genetic resources and encourage the continuation of research exploring plant characteristics and their underlying molecular mechanisms.