On May 9, 2025, a significant treaty was signed between France and Poland in the city of Nancy, marking a new chapter in their bilateral relations. This treaty, celebrated on Europe Day, reinforces the partnership between the two nations, particularly in defense, amid ongoing tensions in Eastern Europe due to the war in Ukraine.
The treaty was signed by French President Emmanuel Macron and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, who emphasized its importance in the context of mutual security. The agreement includes a mutual assistance clause, which stipulates that both countries will support each other in the event of armed aggression, including military assistance. This provision aligns with commitments under NATO and the European Union frameworks, as Macron noted, "This treaty operationally implements the solidarities provided by existing alliances."
Macron highlighted that since the 1960s, France has considered its vital interests to encompass those of its main partners, which now explicitly includes Poland. Tusk echoed this sentiment, stating that the treaty opens up possibilities for cooperation in nuclear deterrence, a significant aspect given Poland's previous reliance on U.S. military support.
Poland has become a crucial player in European defense, especially as it faces threats from Russia and its Belarusian ally. The nation aims to modernize its military, aspiring to become the leading land power in Europe by 2035, with a military force exceeding 300,000 personnel. Currently, Poland allocates over 4% of its GDP to defense, the highest percentage among NATO members.
The treaty also aims to enhance collaboration in various sectors, including infrastructure, energy, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and disruptive technologies. This multifaceted approach fills a strategic void, as France has previously established similar treaties with Germany, Italy, and Spain.
Macron's administration seeks to foster stronger ties with Warsaw, which had been somewhat neglected in previous years. Benjamin Haddad, the French Minister for Europe, acknowledged this oversight, noting that it was an anomaly not to have a robust treaty with Poland while having strengthened relations with other European partners.
The signing ceremony took place in Place Stanislas, a site rich with historical significance, as it was once the residence of Stanislas Leszczynski, the King of Poland and Duke of Lorraine. This location was chosen to symbolize the deep-rooted historical ties between France and Poland, which have been intertwined for centuries.
The treaty also sets a precedent for annual meetings between the two nations' leaders and establishes April 20 as Franco-Polish Friendship Day, commemorating the contributions of Marie Curie, a Polish-born scientist who made significant advancements in her field.
As the war in Ukraine continues, the treaty represents a strategic pivot for both nations, aiming to enhance European security and defense capabilities in light of potential U.S. disengagement from the region. Macron's remarks during the signing underscored the urgency of this partnership, stating, "The president of Russia is on the side of war, not peace." This sentiment reflects a broader European concern regarding Russian aggression and the need for a united front.
In summary, the treaty signed in Nancy not only strengthens the military and strategic partnership between France and Poland but also symbolizes a renewed commitment to European unity and security in the face of external threats. With both nations poised to enhance their defense collaboration, the implications of this treaty are likely to resonate across the continent, shaping the future of European defense policy.
