Last week, the fierce debate over the validity of dyslexia and ADHD erupted as Daily Mail columnist Peter Hitchens made sweeping claims that these conditions do not exist. Citing the book The Dyslexia Debate by Elena Grigorenko and Julian Elliott, Hitchens argued that the diagnoses lack essential medical backing. He controversially stated, "Dyslexia is one of those rare afflictions that people actually want to have. In this, it is like its equally fictional cousin ADHD. Both have no objective, testable, falsifiable diagnosis. Yet both bring certain privileges to those who think they have them."
Hitchens' assertions extend to the educational system, where he suggested that dyslexia stems from poor teaching practices and criticized the UK’s curriculum for failing to accommodate such individuals. However, these views were met with stark rebuttals from professionals and advocates who champion neurodiversity.
Louise Lawrence, a speech therapist diagnosed with both dyslexia and ADHD, voiced her concerns regarding Hitchens' comments, warning of their potentially harmful implications. "(Peter) highlights a disturbing trend of blaming individuals rather than addressing the real challenges we face. For me, it isn’t about academic debate; it’s about the constant battle against misunderstanding and prejudice," she stated, adding that dismissing these conditions feels like a personal attack on her lived experiences.
Having faced struggles in academic and professional settings, Lawrence emphasized the real-world consequences such opinions can have. "If influential figures continue to dismiss or misrepresent the nature of dyslexia and ADHD, fewer people may seek the accommodations that can truly level the playing field. The consequences aren’t abstract; they affect educational opportunities, job prospects, and ultimately, our mental well-being!"
Adding a layer of sensitivity to Hitchens’ claims, Lawrence pointed out the specific targeting of Jamie Oliver, a well-known chef and public figure who has spoken openly about his own experiences with dyslexia. By singling out such influential individuals, Lawrence stated that this scrutiny sends a painful message: even those who have achieved success are not immune to mockery.
At the center of this controversy lies the assertion made in The Dyslexia Debate, which posits that dyslexia lacks a universally accepted definition, objective diagnosis, and verifiable tests. Clinical psychologist Dr. Rebecca Varrall responded rigorously to Hitchens' use of this reference. She explained, "The criteria and methods used are based on decades of real research and clinical experience, and they continue to be refined, not discarded as our understanding improves. In medicine, having a clear, agreed-upon definition is essential because it helps everyone speak the same language."
Dr. Varrall, who co-founded Neurodiversity Unravelled to advocate for individuals with neurodiverse conditions, emphasized that despite Peter Hitchens' narrow view, diagnostic criteria for ADHD and dyslexia are indeed outlined in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition). She acknowledged the absence of a singular lab test to definitively diagnose these conditions, while pointing out this is common in many areas of medicine. "Currently, there aren’t ‘lab tests’ that can definitively prove the presence of these conditions. Instead, diagnoses are based on a combination of clinical observations, behavioral assessments, and standardized questionnaires and tests. Research using brain imaging and other methods has shown consistent differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD or dyslexia," Dr. Varrall affirmed.
Both Lawrence and Varrall expressed grave concerns regarding the ripple effects of Hitchens’ comments. Dr. Varrall cautioned that misinformation could lead to diminished funding for research and understanding of these conditions. "If influential voices spread doubts about the legitimacy of ADHD or dyslexia, it may discourage people from seeking help or lead professionals to question established diagnostic criteria," she stated, highlighting the importance of ongoing research in supporting affected individuals.
In her closing thoughts, Lawrence articulated a clarion call for broader allyship: "In the end, we need leaders and public figures who stand up for neurodivergence, not tear it down. Until then, every dismissive comment feels like a reminder of the long road ahead in achieving true understanding and acceptance."
The controversy reflects a pivotal moment in the discourse surrounding dyslexia and ADHD, underscoring the necessity of empathy and informed advocacy in the face of harmful rhetoric. Continued engagement from experts and advocates is critical in fostering an inclusive society where neurodiverse individuals can thrive without stigma.
