The European Union (EU) has issued a stern warning to Pakistan, indicating the country's preferential trade status could be at risk if it fails to address significant human rights concerns. This warning stemmed from the recent visit of Olof Skoog, the EU's special representative for human rights, who led discussions on issues ranging from controversial blasphemy laws to the rights of religious minorities.
During his weeklong visit to Islamabad, Skoog noted explicitly, "The trade benefits under GSP+ depend on the progress made on addressing human rights issues, and tangible reforms remain fundamental." The Generalized Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+) provides Pakistan with substantial economic advantages, including duty-free access to the EU market for over 66% of tariff lines. Since the implementation of this trade scheme starting January 1, 2014, Pakistani exports to the EU have seen remarkable growth, doubling as businesses have increased their exports by 108% according to EU statistics.
While emphasizing the mutual relationship based on shared values of democracy and human rights, Skoog pointed out areas of concern, including the application of blasphemy laws, forced conversions of minority girls, the freedom of expression, and the independence of the media. His dialogues included discussions with Pakistani officials, including Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar and Chief of Army Staff General Muinir, who were urged to safeguard human rights as part of their obligations under the GSP+ framework.
"Pakistan should not take its GSP+ status for granted," Skoog warned, underscoring the need for reforms to maintain the EU's support. The purpose of Skoog's visit was not only to convey these warnings but to engage with Pakistani authorities on the implementation of 27 international conventions tied to the GSP+ arrangement, which range from labor rights to climate change and the rule of law. The EU considers Pakistan one of its key partners in South Asia, and the recent dialogue indicates the EU's commitment to not just economic ties but also human rights advocacy.
Recently, Pakistan's parliament passed legislation criticized by many as suppressing freedom of speech. This law, approved by President Zardari, considerably expands the government's power to sanction social media users accused of spreading disinformation, leading to widespread protests among journalists and civil society groups across the country. Activists voiced their concerns about the increasingly oppressive media environment, which they argue deviates from democratic norms.
On one hand, Skoog recognized the growing exports under the GSP+ scheme as pivotal for strengthening Pakistan’s economy, stating, "The GSP+ framework serves as a strong platform for collaboration on human rights," adding urgency for Pakistan to uphold its international commitments.
During his visit, Skoog also met with Punjab's Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz Sharif and Minister for Minorities Affairs, engaging them on protection for minority rights and accountability for human rights violations. Nevertheless, significant voices, particularly among the Christian lawmakers, felt excluded from the discussions. One unnamed lawmaker stated, "The government handpicked those who would tout the official narrative and omit the real issues affecting us. We hoped to express our serious concerns to the EU mission but were left out of these important conversations."
Skoog's visit culminated with mixed feelings among various stakeholders. While the EU values its relationship with Pakistan, it clearly indicates continued support hinges on Pakistan's adherence to international human rights standards. Without substantial progress, the EU's potential reassessment of Pakistan's GSP+ status may put at risk the lucrative trade benefits enjoyed by Pakistani businesses.
Historically, this relationship began when Pakistan ratified the 27 conventions as part of securing GSP+ status, creating avenues for major exports like textiles, leather goods, and surgical instruments. The GSP+ has proven financially advantageous with Pakistan's trade increasing significantly, bringing the total trade volume with the EU to approximately 14.85 billion euros by 2022.
Nevertheless, the onus falls on Pakistan to comply with the outlined standards to uphold its duty-free exporter status moving forward. The EU's reminders and engagements over recent years reflect both the complexity and necessity for reform within Pakistan's legal and social frameworks, especially with increasing international scrutiny.
For the EU, protecting human rights is not merely transactional, but reflects its core values as it navigates the intricacies of international relations. The relationship with Pakistan, built on mutual interests, is aimed at fostering development without compromising fundamental rights and freedoms.
With upcoming monitoring missions by the EU, Pakistan's timely response to these human rights issues is not just politically prudent but economically imperative as well. Maintaining the GSP+ status could substantially impact the Pakistani economy, highlighting the interplay between trade and human rights activism on the global stage.