A recent study highlights the cardiometabolic index (CMI) as a significant predictor of gallstone disease (GS) among U.S. adults, emphasizing the crucial mediating role of diabetes in this relationship.
The research, published on March 22, 2025, in the journal Scientific Reports, analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, encompassing 3,395 participants. Findings indicate every incremental unit rise in logarithmically transformed CMI correlates with a 23% increased prevalence of gallstones.
Gallstones represent a significant health concern, affecting 10-15% of individuals in developed nations. In the United States alone, over 800,000 cholecystectomies are performed each year, resulting in an economic burden exceeding $6.5 billion.
"These findings suggest a direct link between higher levels of the cardiometabolic index and an increased risk of gallstones, particularly emphasizing the impact of diabetes in this connection," stated the authors of the article.
The study analyzed data from a demographic cross-section, revealing that 363 study participants, or 10.69%, were diagnosed with gallstones. Interestingly, the prevalence of gallstones was notably higher in females (15.05%) compared to males (6.18%).
The prevalent role of diabetes in this relationship became apparent as the authors explored mediation analysis, establishing that diabetes was a key mediator with a mediation ratio of 15.1%. This highlights the importance of managing not only lipid levels but also blood glucose when addressing gallstone risk.
Diabetes affects approximately 425 million people globally, and this figure is projected to rise to 629 million by 2045. Chronic metabolic conditions like diabetes often coexist with dyslipidemia, which can further complicate gallbladder health.
With diabetes prevalence continuing to rise, identifying effective and preventative measures against gallstone development becomes increasingly critical.
The researchers conclude that monitoring the cardiometabolic index should be integrated into healthcare practices, especially for at-risk populations. Regular CMI assessments alongside glucose level evaluations may facilitate early detection of conditions leading to gallstone formation.
Furthermore, personalizing management plans—including dietary changes to increase fiber intake and routine physical activity—can significantly enhance patient outcomes.
The significance of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the interactions between cardiovascular markers, diabetes, and gallstone disease, potentially leading to improved clinical practices and enhanced patient care.
